Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Maternal Behavior
2.2. Retrieval Test
2.3. Seizure Threshold
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Venom and Drugs
5.2. Animals
5.3. Animal Mating and Pregnancy Diagnosis
5.4. Weaning
5.5. Experimental Groups
- CT group: 0.9% NaCl on PN 2, PN10, and PN16 (1 mL/kg, s.c.);
- V2 group: venom (4 mg/kg, s.c.) on PN2 and 0.9% NaCl on PN10, and PN16 (1 mL/kg, s.c.);
- V10 group: venom (4 mg/kg, s.c.) on PN10 and 0.9% NaCl on PN2, and PN16 (1 mL/kg, s.c.);
- V16 group: venom (4 mg/kg, s.c.) on PN16 and 0.9% NaCl on PN2, and PN10 (1 mL/kg, s.c.).
5.6. Evaluation of Maternal Behavior
5.7. Retrieval Test
5.8. Seizure Threshold
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Score | Behavior |
---|---|
0 | no evidence of convulsive activity |
1 | mouth and facial movements |
2 | myoclonic body jerking |
3 | jaw clonus |
4 | head and forelimb clonus |
5 | head and forelimb clonus with full rearing |
6 | head and forelimb clonus and falling |
7 | run with generalized tonic clonic convulsion |
8 | death |
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Barbosa, M.d.O.R.; de Paulo, M.E.F.d.V.; Nencioni, A.L.A. Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring. Toxins 2021, 13, 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120853
Barbosa MdOR, de Paulo MEFdV, Nencioni ALA. Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring. Toxins. 2021; 13(12):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120853
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbosa, Marina de Oliveira Rodrigues, Maria Eliza F. do Val de Paulo, and Ana Leonor Abrahão Nencioni. 2021. "Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring" Toxins 13, no. 12: 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120853
APA StyleBarbosa, M. d. O. R., de Paulo, M. E. F. d. V., & Nencioni, A. L. A. (2021). Scorpion Envenomation of Lactating Rats Decreases the Seizure Threshold in Offspring. Toxins, 13(12), 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13120853