Two-Dimensional Layered Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Detecting Microbial Toxins
by
Zhuheng Li 1,2,†, Xiaotong Li 2,†, Minghong Jian 2, Girma Selale Geleta 2,3,* and Zhenxin Wang 2,*
Zhuheng Li 1,2,†, Xiaotong Li 2,†, Minghong Jian 2, Girma Selale Geleta 2,3,* and Zhenxin Wang 2,*
1
Jilin Provincial Institute of Education, Changchun 130022, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130022, China
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma 378, Ethiopia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Toxins 2020, 12(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12010020
Received: 4 November 2019 / Revised: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 / Published: 31 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improved Analytical Technologies for the Detection of Natural Toxins and Their Metabolites in Food)
Toxin detection is an important issue in numerous fields, such as agriculture/food safety, environmental monitoring, and homeland security. During the past two decades, nanotechnology has been extensively used to develop various biosensors for achieving fast, sensitive, selective and on-site analysis of toxins. In particular, the two dimensional layered (2D) nanomaterials (such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)) and their nanocomposites have been employed as label and/or biosensing transducers to construct electrochemical biosensors for cost-effective detection of toxins with high sensitivity and specificity. This is because the 2D nanomaterials have good electrical conductivity and a large surface area with plenty of active groups for conjugating 2D nanomaterials with the antibodies and/or aptamers of the targeted toxins. Herein, we summarize recent developments in the application of 2D nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors for detecting toxins with a particular focus on microbial toxins including bacterial toxins, fungal toxins and algal toxins. The integration of 2D nanomaterials with some existing antibody/aptamer technologies into electrochemical biosensors has led to an unprecedented impact on improving the assaying performance of microbial toxins, and has shown great promise in public health and environmental protection.
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Keywords:
two dimensional layered nanomaterials; electrochemical biosensors; microbial toxin detection; antibodies; aptamers
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MDPI and ACS Style
Li, Z.; Li, X.; Jian, M.; Geleta, G.S.; Wang, Z. Two-Dimensional Layered Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Detecting Microbial Toxins. Toxins 2020, 12, 20.
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