Intersex Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a Contaminated River in Taiwan: A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Description of the Sampled River and Collection Stations
EJ-1 | EJ-2 | |
---|---|---|
Cd | <0.005 to <0.01 | <0.005 to <0.05 |
Cr | <0.001 to 0.19* | <0.001 to 0.29* |
Cu | 0.04 to 0.19* | 0.01 to 0.22* |
Pb | 0.001 to 0.04 | 0.01 to 0.111* |
Zn | 0.07 to 0.81* | 0.6 to 1.0 * |
Hg | 15.94a* |
EDC | Sample | Concentration | References |
---|---|---|---|
Dioxin¹ | Bottom mud(dry) | 0.369~66.9 pg-TEQ/g (Average:20.9 pg-TEQ/g n:4) | [21] |
Total PCBs2 | Bottom mud(dry) (0-5 cm depth) | 871-13,615 ng/g | [20] |
Tilapia (dry,5 fish) | 502 ng/g | ||
Di(2.ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ³ | Bottom mud(dry) | 0.25 μg/g | [27] |
Nonylphenol (NP) 4 | River water | 1.47-12.6 μg/L2 Average:7.01 μg/L | [28] |
Bottom mud(dry) | 250-390 μg/Kg dry wt.3 |
2.2. Sampling Protocol
2.3. Histological Procedures
3. Results
Item | Description | Percentage (%) of prevalence | Number of fish discovered among these 18 tilapia |
---|---|---|---|
Fin and body surface 1 | Fin split(s), body surface lesion and/or necrosis | 94.4 | 17 |
Scale | deformity | 16.7 | 3 |
Liver | Swollen, discoloration, necrosis, chocolate color | 61.1 | 11 |
Spleen | Swollen, dark color | 44.4 | 8 |
Body cavity | Edema, necrosis | 22.2 | 4 |
Gill | Mucus secretion, necrosis, bleeding, proliferation, pale | 27.8 | 5 |
Weight(g) | 215~400 g | ||
Other condition ² |
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Sun, P.L.; Tsai, S.-S. Intersex Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a Contaminated River in Taiwan: A Case Study. Toxins 2009, 1, 14-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010014
Sun PL, Tsai S-S. Intersex Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a Contaminated River in Taiwan: A Case Study. Toxins. 2009; 1(1):14-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Peter Lin, and Shinn-Shoung Tsai. 2009. "Intersex Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a Contaminated River in Taiwan: A Case Study" Toxins 1, no. 1: 14-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010014
APA StyleSun, P. L., & Tsai, S.-S. (2009). Intersex Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) from a Contaminated River in Taiwan: A Case Study. Toxins, 1(1), 14-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins1010014