Correction: Scourboutakos, M.J.; et al. Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products. Nutrients 2017, 9, 400
Results
Reference
- Scourboutakos, M.J.; Franco-Arellano, B.; Murphy, S.A.; Norsen, S.; Comelli, E.M.; L’abbe, M.R. Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products. Nutrients 2017, 9, 400. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Strain(s) | Manufacturer and Product Brand | Food Type | Probiotic Dosage in Food (CFU */Serving) | Dosage Tested in Studies (CFU */Day) | Duration of Study | Health Effects Investigated in Healthy Populations | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute Diarrhea | Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea | Constipation | Digestive Symptoms | Glycemic Control | Helicobacter pylori Eradication | Immunity | Infant Breastfeeding Outcomes | Inflammation | Serum Lipids/Blood Pressure | Oral Health | ||||||
Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 + Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 | Yoplait’s Yoptimal, Lucerne’s Organics † | Yogurt | >1 × 109 | 2 × 106–3 × 109 | 7 days–6 weeks | X [20] $ | O [21] | O [20] $ | O [22,23] | x [24,25] | ||||||
Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 | Iogo’s Probio **, Yoplait’s Minigo | Yogurt | >1 × 109 | 1 × 1010–3.5 × 1010 | 10 days—3 months | o [26] $ [27] | O [28] $ | X [29] | ||||||||
Lactobacillus casei DN 114-001 | Danone’s DanActive | Drinkable yogurt | 1 × 1010 | 1 × 1010–3 × 1010 | 2 weeks –6 months | x [30] $, [31] o [32] $ | X [33] $ | x [34] $ | X [35,36] $ x [26,30] $ | x [37] $ | ||||||
Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 | Danone’s Activia | Yogurt | >1 × 109 | 8 × 109–2.5 × 1010 | 2–4 weeks | o [38] $ | X [39,40] $ x [38] $ | O [41] $ | ||||||||
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM + Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 | Astro’s BioBest | Yogurt | 1 × 109 | 1 × 1010 | 6 months | o [42] $ | x [42] $ | |||||||||
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM | President’s Choice’s ProAdvantage† | Yogurt | 1 × 109 | 1 × 1010 | 6 months | o [42] $ | x [42] $ |
Strain | Study, Country (Year) | Population (n) | Probiotic Dosage (CFU per day) | Study Duration | Outcome Measures (Primary and Secondary) | Statistically Significant Effects (Relative to Placebo Group) | Funding Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B lactis BB12 + L acidophilus LA-5 | Ivey et al. [21] Australia (2014) | Overweight adults n = 156 | 3 × 109 | 6 weeks | Primary: Glycemic control (fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR) | Increased HOMA-IR (worsened insulin sensitivity) | Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital |
Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh et al. [23] Iran (2010) | Females n = 90 | 3.9 × 107 | 6 weeks | Primary: Serum total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides | No observed effects | Tehran University Grant | |
Ivey et al. [22] Australia (2015) | Overweight adults n = 156 | 3 × 109 | 6 weeks | Primary: Blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides | No observed effects | Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital | |
deVrese et al. [20] Germany (2011) | H pylori infected adults n = 88 | 5 × 106 | 5 weeks | Primary: Helicobacter pylori activity; Secondary: Frequency, intensity and duration of abdominal pain; stool frequency/consistency; duration of diarrhea episodes; IBS symptoms; orofecal transit time | Decreased duration of antibiotic-associated diarrhea episodes | Chr. Hansen GmbH J. & Co., KG, NOM AG $ | |
Ashwin et al. [24] India (2015) | Children n = 60 | 2 × 106 | 7 days | Primary: Salivary levels of streptococcus mutans (a cavity causing bacteria) | Reduced salivary mutans streptococci | Funded by study author | |
Singh et al. [25] India (2011) | Children n = 40 | 5.4 × 107 | 10 days | Primary: Salivary levels of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli (cavity causing bacteria) | Reduced salivary mutans streptococci | Not disclosed | |
Ejtahed et al. [43] Iran (2011) | Type II Diabetics n = 64 | >1 × 109 | 6 weeks | Primary: Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin and antioxidant molecules (superoxide dismutase, glutathion peroxidase, catalase activity, malondialdehyde concentration, and total antioxidative status) | Decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c; increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathoine peroxidase, and total antioxidative status | Iran Dairy Industry $ | |
Mohamadshahi et al. [44] Iran (2014) | Type II Diabetics n = 44 | >1 × 109 | 8 weeks | Primary: Serum triglycerides, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, LDL:HDL | Decreased LDL:HDL, increased HDL | Nutrition Disease Research Center | |
Ejtahed et al.[45] Iran (2012) | Type II Diabetics n = 60 | 6 × 108 | 6 weeks | Primary: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol:HDL, LDL:HDL | Decreased total cholesterol, LDL, LDL:HDL and total cholesterol:HDL | Grant from Tabriz University | |
Nabavi et al. [46] Iran (2014) | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients n = 72 | >1 × 109 | 8 weeks | Primary: Blood levels of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase); fasting blood glucose; total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL. | Decreased blood levels of liver enzymes, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL | Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University | |
Tonucci et al. [47] Brazil (2015) | Type II Diabetics n = 45 | 2 × 109 | 6 weeks | Primary: Glycemic control (fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fructosamine, HbA1c); lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol:HDL); total antioxidant status and cytokine concentrations (Il-6, Il-10, TNF-α, adiponectin, and resistin); fecal short-chain fatty acids | Decreased fructosamine, LDL, and total cholesterol; significant change in HbA1c | Brazilian Agri-Research; Foundation to Support the State of Miras Gerais | |
B. lactis BB12 | Caglar et al. [29] Turkey (2008) | Healthy young adults n = 24 | 5 × 108 | 10 days | Primary: Salivary levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli (cavity causing bacteria) | Decreased salivary mutans streptococi | Funded by researchers |
Merenstein et al. [48] USA (2010) | Children n = 182 | 1 × 1010 | 90 days | Primary: Missed days of school due to illness; Secondary: Diarrhea, stool consistency, respiratory infection, missed parental work, doctor visits, illnesses, and overall parental satisfaction | No observed effects | The Gerber Foundation $ | |
Merenstein et al. [27] USA (2011) | Healthy children n = 172 | 1 × 1010 | 90 days | Primary: Missed days of school due to illness; Secondary: Diarrhea, stool consistency, respiratory infection, missed parental work, doctor visits, illnesses | No observed effects | USDA | |
Kekkonen et al. [28] Finland (2008) | Healthy adults n = 62 | 3.5 × 1010 | 3 weeks | Primary: Blood levels of inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10) | No observed effects | Resaerch Council Finland and Valio $ | |
L. acidophilus NCFM + B. lactis Bi-07 | Leyer et al. [42] China (2009) | Healthy children n = 326 | 1 × 1010 | 6 months | Primary: Frequency and duration of fever, cough, rhinorrhea, vomiting, diarrhea, physicians' visits and antibiotic prescriptions; Secondary: School absences | Decreased incidence of fever, cough, rhinorrhea, antibiotic use, and days missed from school. Reduced symptom duration. | Danisco $ |
B. lactis DN-173 010 | Pinto et al.[41] Brazil (2013) | Healthy adults n = 26 | not reported | 2 weeks | Primary: Salivary levels of cavity-associated microorganisms (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and total microorganisms) in saliva | No observed effects | Not Disclosed |
Tabbers et al. [38] Netherlands and Poland (2011) | Constipated children n = 159 | >8 × 109 | 3 weeks | Primary: Stool frequency; Secondary: Stool consistency, frequency of faecal incontinence, pain during defecation, abdominal pain, flatulence | Decreased flatulence | Danone $ | |
Guyonnet et al. [39] Germany (2009) | Healthy adult women n = 192 | 2.5 × 1010 | 4 weeks | Primary: Overall GI well-being (intestinal transit, stool frequency and consistency, abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, flatulence, stomach rumbling); Secondary: Frequency of digestive symptoms including abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, flatulence, stomach rumbling; stool frequency and consistency; health-related quality of life | Improved overall GI well-being; decreased frequency of flatulence, stomach rumbling, improved stool consistency, and health-related quality of life. | Danone $ | |
Agrawal et al. [40] United Kingdom (2008) | Adult females with IBS n = 34 | 2.5 × 1010 | 4 weeks | Primary: Abdominal distension and bloating; Secondary: Orocaecal and colonic transit times; incidence and severity of IBS symptoms (abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, flatulence); overall IBS symptom severity; time and consistency of bowel movements; feelings of incomplete evacuation at time of stool passage | Decreased maximal abdominal distension, orocaecal and colonic transit times, overall IBS symptom severity, and abdominal pain/discomfort. | Danone $ | |
L. casei DN 114-001 | Guillemard et al. [35] Germany (2010) | Healthy adult shift workers n = 1000 | >2 × 1010 | 3 months | Primary: Cumulative number of common infectious diseases (CID) (e.g., sore throat, sinusitus, nasal discharge, ear ache, influenza, pneumonia, cough, GI infection, diarrhea, nausea vomiting) Secondary: Occurrence of having at least one CID: time to first CID, severity, duration, cumulated duration; occurrence and duration of fever, sick days, medication use | Decreased occurrence and time to first CID; decreased duration of fever; decreased cumulative number of CIDs (post-hoc analysis) | Danone $ |
Merenstein et al. [26] USA (2010) | Healthy children n = 638 | >2 × 1010 | 3 months | Primary: Change in behaviour due to illness (e.g., missed school, missed sports activity); incidence of common infectious diseases (CIDs) Secondary: Absences from daycare or school, missed parental work, days with diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain, constipation, runny nose, cough, decreasing appetite, fever, rash, medication use | Decreased incidence of CID | Danone $ | |
Guillemard et al. [36] France (2009) | Elderly adults n = 1072 | >2 × 1010 | 3 months | Primary: Cumulative number of all common infectious diseases (CID) Secondary: The occurrence of CID (defined as the number of subjects experiencing at least one CID), duration of CID (cumulative and per episode), time to first CID, severity of CID, fever associated with CID, occurrence or duration of medication use | Decreased duration of CID episodes and cumulative duration of CID | Danone $ | |
Sykora et al. [34] Czech Republic (2005) | Children w/H Pylori n = 86 | 1 × 1010 | 14 days | Primary: Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori infection | Increased Helicobacter pylori eradication rates | Ministry of Health and Danone $ | |
Ortiz-Andrellucchi et al. [37] Spain (2008) | Breastfeeding infants n = 104 | 3 × 1010 | 6 weeks | Primary: Immunomodulatory molecules in breast milk (not included in this review) Secondary: Infant growth and weight; incidence of gastrointestinal episodes, respiratory symptoms, medication use, allergies and dermatitis | Reduced incidence of gastrointestinal episodes and lower rate of medication use in infants | Danone $ | |
Agarwal et al. [31] India (2002) | Children n = 150 | 2–3 × 1010 | 9 months | Primary: Duration of acute diarrhea | Decreased duration of acute diarrhea | Not Disclosed | |
Hickson et al. [33] United Kingdom (2007) | Elderly in-patients n = 137 | 2 × 1010 | 2 weeks | Primary: Incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea | Decreased incidence of antibiotic- and Clostridium-associated diarrhea | Danone $ | |
Giovannini et al. [30] Italy (2007) | Children with asthma/rhinitis n = 187 | 1 × 1010 | 12 months | Primary: Episodes and duration of asthma and rhinitis (runny/stuff nose) Secondary: Episodes and duration of abdominal symtoms, diarrhea and fever | Decreased asthma and rhinitis episodes, decreased duration of diarrhea in children with rhinitis | Danone $ | |
Giralt et al. [49] Spain (2008) | Gynecological cancer patients n = 85 | 2.8 × 1010 | 6 months | Primary: Frequency and severity of radiation induced diarrhea Secondary: Time to the development of diarrhea, stool consistency | Improved stool consistency | Danone $ |
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Scourboutakos, M.J.; Franco-Arellano, B.; Murphy, S.A.; Norsen, S.; Comelli, E.M.; L’Abbé, M.R. Correction: Scourboutakos, M.J.; et al. Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products. Nutrients 2017, 9, 400. Nutrients 2017, 9, 641. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070641
Scourboutakos MJ, Franco-Arellano B, Murphy SA, Norsen S, Comelli EM, L’Abbé MR. Correction: Scourboutakos, M.J.; et al. Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products. Nutrients 2017, 9, 400. Nutrients. 2017; 9(7):641. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070641
Chicago/Turabian StyleScourboutakos, Mary J., Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Sarah A. Murphy, Sheida Norsen, Elena M. Comelli, and Mary R. L’Abbé. 2017. "Correction: Scourboutakos, M.J.; et al. Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products. Nutrients 2017, 9, 400" Nutrients 9, no. 7: 641. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070641