The Relationship between Maternal Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Newborn Adiposity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Experimental Design and Subjects
2.2. Biochemical Assays
2.3. Maternal Anthropometry
2.4. Newborn Anthropometry and Body Composition Assessment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maternal Characteristics | |||
n | % | Mean (SD) | |
Age (years) | 25.87 (5.18) | ||
Ethnicity | |||
White | 76 | 36.2 | |
Mulatto | 91 | 43.3 | |
Black | 32 | 15.2 | |
Native American | 8 | 3.9 | |
Unknown | 3 | 1.4 | |
Household income (BMW in R$) | 1770.52 (1200.17) | ||
<1 | 17 | 8.1 | |
1–1.9 | 65 | 30.9 | |
2–2.9 | 72 | 34.3 | |
3–4.9 | 27 | 12.9 | |
≥5 | 15 | 7.1 | |
Unknown | 14 | 6.7 | |
Parity | |||
1 | 76 | 36.2 | |
>1 | 134 | 63.8 | |
Height (m) | 1.60 (0.06) | ||
<1.50 | 13 | 6.2 | |
1.50–.60 | 89 | 42.4 | |
1.6–1.69 | 97 | 46.2 | |
≥1.70 | 11 | 5.2 | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 24.60 (5.24) | ||
Underweight (<18.5) | 19 | 9.7 | |
Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 98 | 50.3 | |
Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 56 | 28.7 | |
Obese (≥30.0) | 22 | 11.1 | |
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 12.97 (5.76) | ||
Below IOM recommendations | 49 | 25.4 | |
Within IOM recommendations | 67 | 34.7 | |
Above IOM recommendations | 77 | 39.9 | |
Type of birth | |||
Vaginal | |||
Normal | 99 | 47.1 | |
Forceps | 51 | 24.3 | |
Cesarean section | 60 | 28.6 | |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 33.78 (30.21) | ||
0.5–12.2 | 53 | 25.2 | |
12.3–24.3 | 53 | 25.2 | |
24.4–44.7 | 52 | 24.8 | |
44.8–173.38 | 52 | 24.8 | |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 22.58 (16.62) | ||
1.2–11.6 | 52 | 24.8 | |
11.7–17.5 | 53 | 25.2 | |
17.6–27.3 | 53 | 25.2 | |
27.4–86.7 | 52 | 24.8 | |
Newborn Characteristics and Anthropometry | |||
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.42 (1.04) | ||
Sex | |||
Female | 114 | 54.3 | |
Male | 96 | 45.7 | |
Birth weight (g) | 3377.01 (407.62) | ||
2500–3000 | 34 | 16.2 | |
3000–3500 | 109 | 51.9 | |
3500–4000 | 51 | 24.3 | |
4000–5000 | 16 | 7.6 | |
Weight-for-age (z-score) | 3197.79 (0.40) | ||
<−2 | 1 | 0.5 | |
−2–−1 | 29 | 13.8 | |
−1–1 | 164 | 78.1 | |
1–2 | 14 | 6.7 | |
≥2 | 2 | 0.9 | |
Length-for-age (z-score) | 49.30 (1.81) | ||
<−2 | 5 | 2.4 | |
−2–−1 | 36 | 17.1 | |
−1–1 | 148 | 70.5 | |
1–2 | 20 | 9.5 | |
≥2 | 1 | 0.5 | |
Fat mass percentage | 8.93 (4.18) | ||
Female | 114 | 54.3 | 9.91 (4.20) |
Male | 96 | 45.7 | 7.76 (3.86) |
Male FM% | Coefficient | 95% CI | p | |
Leptin (ng/mL) | −0.023 | −0.054 | 0.008 | 0.143 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 0.076 | 0.031 | 0.121 | 0.001 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 0.332 | 0.153 | 0.512 | 0.000 |
Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | −0.012 | −0.108 | 0.084 | 0.804 |
R2 = 0.22; adjusted R2 = 0.19 | ||||
Female FM% | Coefficient | 95% CI | p | |
Leptin (ng/mL) | −0.008 | −0.035 | 0.017 | 0.517 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | 0.015 | −0.033 | 0.063 | 0.543 |
R2 = 0.006; adjusted R2 = −0.012 |
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Castro, N.P.; Euclydes, V.V.; Simões, F.A.; Vaz-de-Lima, L.R.A.; De Brito, C.A.; Luzia, L.A.; Devakumar, D.; Rondó, P.H.C. The Relationship between Maternal Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Newborn Adiposity. Nutrients 2017, 9, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030182
Castro NP, Euclydes VV, Simões FA, Vaz-de-Lima LRA, De Brito CA, Luzia LA, Devakumar D, Rondó PHC. The Relationship between Maternal Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Newborn Adiposity. Nutrients. 2017; 9(3):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030182
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro, Natália P., Verônica V. Euclydes, Fernanda A. Simões, Lourdes R. A. Vaz-de-Lima, Cyro A. De Brito, Liania A. Luzia, Delan Devakumar, and Patrícia H. C. Rondó. 2017. "The Relationship between Maternal Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin Concentrations and Newborn Adiposity" Nutrients 9, no. 3: 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030182