β-Glucan and Dark Chocolate: A Randomized Crossover Study on Short-Term Satiety and Energy Intake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Test Meals
Nutrient | Test Meals | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
CON | B-GLU | DARK | B-GLU + DARK | |
Energy (kcal) | 441.05 | 459.29 | 414.65 | 432.89 |
Carbohydrates (g) | 55.22 | 56.22 | 60.10 | 56.30 |
Sugar (g) | 28.44 | 26.50 | 23.00 | 19.74 |
Protein (g) | 6.99 | 10.41 | 8.74 | 11.73 |
Fat (g) | 20.00 | 19.77 | 20.38 | 19.61 |
Fiber (g) | 2.61 | 8.91 | 8.40 | 14.55 |
β-Glucan (g) | - | 3.0 | - | 3.0 |
Cocoa (%) | 32 | 32 | 70 | 70 |
Serving (g) | 108 | 121 | 108 | 121 |
2.4. Experimental Protocol
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
VAS Questions | Test Meals | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CON | B-GLU | DARK | B-GLU + DARK | p Value | |
Hunger | 469.93 ± 37.19 | 470.13 ± 35.24 | 460.71 ± 38.32 | 482.51 ± 37.51 | 0.94 |
Satiety | 367.03 ± 38.38 | 379.84 ± 36.28 | 375.34 ± 40.16 | 368.65 ± 34.52 | 0.99 |
Prospective consumption | 488.72 ± 40.21 | 485.84 ± 45.23 | 473.89 ± 39.54 | 487.88 ± 38.21 | 0.99 |
Amount of food that could be consumed | 469.43 ± 38.34 | 482.21 ± 37.34 | 447.44 ± 38.28 | 479.88 ± 36.87 | 0.87 |
Desire for sugary snack | 203.77 ± 30.32 | 183.85 ± 30.56 | 182.33 ± 29.65 | 185.75 ± 33.02 | 0.96 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Akyol, A.; Dasgin, H.; Ayaz, A.; Buyuktuncer, Z.; Besler, H.T. β-Glucan and Dark Chocolate: A Randomized Crossover Study on Short-Term Satiety and Energy Intake. Nutrients 2014, 6, 3863-3877. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6093863
Akyol A, Dasgin H, Ayaz A, Buyuktuncer Z, Besler HT. β-Glucan and Dark Chocolate: A Randomized Crossover Study on Short-Term Satiety and Energy Intake. Nutrients. 2014; 6(9):3863-3877. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6093863
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkyol, Asli, Halil Dasgin, Aylin Ayaz, Zehra Buyuktuncer, and H. Tanju Besler. 2014. "β-Glucan and Dark Chocolate: A Randomized Crossover Study on Short-Term Satiety and Energy Intake" Nutrients 6, no. 9: 3863-3877. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6093863
APA StyleAkyol, A., Dasgin, H., Ayaz, A., Buyuktuncer, Z., & Besler, H. T. (2014). β-Glucan and Dark Chocolate: A Randomized Crossover Study on Short-Term Satiety and Energy Intake. Nutrients, 6(9), 3863-3877. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6093863