Causal Effect of Chondroitin, Glucosamine, Vitamin, and Mineral Intake on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Study Setting
2.3. Data Sources for Chondroitin, Glucosamine, and Vitamin Supplement Intake
2.4. Data Sources for Kidney Function Traits
2.5. MR Assumptions
2.6. Two-Sample Summary-Level MR Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Data Sources
3.2. MR Analysis of Dietary Supplement Intake on Kidney Function
3.3. Sensitivity Analysis for Chondroitin Intake
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Exposure | Analysis | a Outcome | eGFR Change Beta (%) | Standard Error (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chondroitin | Main | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen) | −0.113 | 0.030 | 2 × 10−4 |
Validation | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen + UKB) | −0.283 | 0.016 | 4 × 10−31 | |
Glucosamine | Main | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen) | −0.240 | 0.035 | 6 × 10−12 |
Validation | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen + UKB) | 0.424 | 0.091 | 3 × 10−6 | |
Vitamin/ mineral supplement intake | Main | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen) | 1.426 | 0.136 | 1 × 10−25 |
Validation | Creatinine-based log-eGFR (CKDGen + UKB) | 1.259 | 0.141 | 4 × 10−19 |
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Cho, J.-M.; Koh, J.-H.; Kim, S.-G.; Lee, S.; Kim, Y.; Cho, S.; Kim, K.; Kim, Y.-C.; Han, S.-S.; Lee, H.; et al. Causal Effect of Chondroitin, Glucosamine, Vitamin, and Mineral Intake on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153318
Cho J-M, Koh J-H, Kim S-G, Lee S, Kim Y, Cho S, Kim K, Kim Y-C, Han S-S, Lee H, et al. Causal Effect of Chondroitin, Glucosamine, Vitamin, and Mineral Intake on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153318
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Jeong-Min, Jung-Hun Koh, Seong-Geun Kim, Soojin Lee, Yaerim Kim, Semin Cho, Kwangsoo Kim, Yong-Chul Kim, Seung-Seok Han, Hajeong Lee, and et al. 2023. "Causal Effect of Chondroitin, Glucosamine, Vitamin, and Mineral Intake on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3318. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153318