Sixteen-Week Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Peripheral T Cells in Overweight Black Individuals: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Anthropometry Measurements
2.4. Biochemical Measurements
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Demographics
3.2. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D
3.3. Changes in T Cells after Vitamin D3 Supplementation
3.4. Adjusted Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on T Cells
3.5. Post hoc Pairwise Analysis: Post-Interventional Changes in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ by Dosage Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Characteristics | Intervention Groups | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo | 600 IU/Day | 2000 IU/Day | 4000 IU/Day | ||
Number of subjects (n) | 13 | 14 | 15 | 14 | |
Age (year) | 30 ± 11 | 27 ± 10 | 25 ± 8.3 | 23 ± 6.9 | 0.23 |
Male/Female Ratio | 4/9 | 2/12 | 2/13 | 1/13 | 0.39 |
Height (m) | 1.64 ± 0.08 | 1.65 ± 0.08 | 1.63 ± 0.09 | 1.63 ± 0.08 | 0.83 |
Weight (kg) | 99 ± 26 | 95 ± 15 | 92 ± 18 | 91 ± 21 | 0.73 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 37 ± 7.6 | 35 ± 5.8 | 35 ± 7 | 34 ± 7.7 | 0.81 |
Serum 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | 35 ± 10 | 33 ± 9.1 | 35 ± 9.9 | 32 ± 10 | 0.89 |
T Cells | |||||
CD3+% | 75 ± 6.7 | 76 ± 4.2 | 75 ± 6.8 | 76 ± 5.6 | 0.97 |
CD3+ Count (cells/uL) | 1533 ± 515 | 1214 ± 271 | 1344 ± 454 | 1452 ± 536 | 0.30 |
CD4+% | 44 ± 5.9 | 48 ± 7.2 | 45 ± 6.2 | 47 ± 7.0 | 0.49 |
CD4+ Count (cells/uL) | 911 ± 321 | 767 ± 227 | 812 ± 290 | 885 ± 298 | 0.54 |
CD8+% | 27 ± 8.5 | 25 ± 6.4 | 26 ± 3.7 | 25 ± 7.4 | 0.87 |
CD8+ Count (cells/uL) | 561 ± 252 | 390 ± 126 | 467 ± 171 | 509 ± 311 | 0.25 |
T Cell | Intervention Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo | 600 IU/Day | 2000 IU/Day | 4000 IU/Day | p | |
CD3+% (%) | |||||
Model 1 | 76 (74, 77) | 76 (74, 78) | 78 (76, 80) | 77 (75, 79) | 0.01 |
Model 2 | 76 (74, 77) | 76 (74, 78) | 78 (76, 80) | 77 (75, 79) | 0.02 |
CD3+ Count (cells/uL) | |||||
Model 1 | 1375 (1258, 1492) | 1382 (1185, 1579) | 1555 (1350, 1761) | 1469 (1280, 1658) | 0.18 |
Model 2 | 1384 (1272, 1496) | 1388 (1194, 1582) | 1552 (1349, 1755) | 1468 (1282, 1654) | 0.25 |
CD4+% (%) | |||||
Model 1 | 46 (45, 48) | 47 (45, 49) | 49 (47, 52) | 47 (45, 50) | <0.001 |
Model 2 | 47 (45, 48) | 47 (45, 49) | 50 (47, 52) | 47 (46, 50) | <0.001 |
CD4+ Count (cells/uL) | |||||
Model 1 | 841 (769, 914) | 798 (661, 936) | 994 (851, 1138) | 917 (784, 1049) | 0.05 |
Model 2 | 847 (781, 914) | 804 (669, 939) | 995 (854, 1136) | 913 (784, 1043) | 0.08 |
CD8+% (%) | |||||
Model 1 | 26 (25, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 0.57 |
Model 2 | 26 (25, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 26 (24, 28) | 0.42 |
CD8+ Count (cells/uL) | |||||
Model 1 | 474 (417, 531) | 482 (398, 565) | 510 (422, 597) | 490 (409, 571) | 0.80 |
Model 2 | 476 (421, 532) | 481 (401, 561) | 506 (422, 590) | 493 (416, 570) | 0.85 |
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Dong, Y.; Chen, L.; Huang, Y.; Raed, A.; Havens, R.; Dong, Y.; Zhu, H. Sixteen-Week Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Peripheral T Cells in Overweight Black Individuals: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3922. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193922
Dong Y, Chen L, Huang Y, Raed A, Havens R, Dong Y, Zhu H. Sixteen-Week Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Peripheral T Cells in Overweight Black Individuals: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2022; 14(19):3922. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193922
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Yutong, Li Chen, Ying Huang, Anas Raed, Robyn Havens, Yanbin Dong, and Haidong Zhu. 2022. "Sixteen-Week Vitamin D3 Supplementation Increases Peripheral T Cells in Overweight Black Individuals: Post hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial" Nutrients 14, no. 19: 3922. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193922