Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. FA Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Serum FA Quantification and Pattern Definition
3.3. Associations between FA Patterns and Patient Features at Baseline
3.4. Associations between FA Patterns and Patient Features at 6-Month Follow-Up
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n (%) | Mean (SD) or Median (Range) | |
---|---|---|
Anthropometrics | ||
Age (years) | - | 48.6 (12.3) |
Sex | ||
Male | 152 (22.7) | - |
Female | 517 (77.3) | - |
Ethnicity | ||
Caucasian | 615 (91.9) | - |
Other | 54 (8.1) | - |
BMI (kg/m2) | ||
<25.0 | 391 (58.6) | - |
25.0–30.0 | 180 (27.0) | - |
>30.0 | 96 (14.4) | - |
Sociodemodemographic Variables | ||
Marital status | ||
Married * | 486 (72.8) | - |
Single † | 182 (27.3) | - |
Education level | ||
None to primary school | 306 (45.7) | - |
Secondary school | 152 (22.7) | - |
Tertiary education or higher | 211 (31.5) | - |
Professional status | ||
Active or student | 442 (66.1) | - |
Unable to work | 10 (1.5) | - |
Housewife/husband | 48 (7.1) | - |
Unemployed | 32 (4.8) | - |
Retired | 136 (20.4) | - |
Smoking status | ||
Never smoker | 355 (53.1) | - |
Former smoker | 172 (25.7) | - |
Current smoker | 142 (21.2) | - |
Laboratory Features | ||
CRP | - | 9.0 (0–384) |
ESR | 29.9 (25.0) | |
ACPA- and RF-positive | 281 (47.3) | - |
ACPA-positive/RF-negative | 30 (5.1) | - |
ACPA-negative/RF-positive | 30 (5.1) | |
ACPA-negative/RF-negative | 253 (42.6) | |
Treatment For Ra | ||
DMARDs at baseline | ||
None | 617 (92.2) | - |
cDMARDs | 52 (7.8) | - |
DMARDs at 6 months | ||
None | 139 (22.0) | - |
cDMARDs | 475 (75.0) | - |
bDMARDs | 19 (3.0) | - |
Oral corticosteroids at baseline | ||
None | 548 (81.9) | - |
Yes | 121 (18.1) | - |
Ra Activity and Severity | ||
DAS28 at baseline | - | 5.2 (1.3) |
DAS28 at 6 months | - | 3.3 (1.4) |
DAS28 > 5.1 | ||
At baseline | - | 340 (50.8) |
At 6 months | - | 84 (12.6) |
Typical erosions at baseline | ||
Yes | - | 100 (15.0) |
No | - | 568 (85.0) |
FA Omega Name | FA Common Name | Pattern ω7-9 | Pattern ω3 | Pattern ω6 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pearson’s correlation coefficients | ||||
C14_0 | Myristic acid | 0.52641 | ||
C16_0 | Palmitic acid | 0.81581 | −0.21467 | |
C16_1n7 | Palmitoleic acid | 0.79217 | 0.22254 | |
C18_0 | Stearic acid | 0.36009 | ||
C18_1n7 | Vaccenic acid | 0.59262 | ||
C18_1n9 | Oleic acid | 0.76549 | ||
C18_2n6 | Linoleic acid | −0.88203 | −0.25486 | −0.24690 |
C18_3n3 | Alpha-linolenic acid | 0.20374 | −0.28524 | |
C18_3n6 | Gamma-linolenic acid | 0.80262 | ||
C18_4n3 | Stearidonic acid | 0.38059 | 0.31487 | |
C20_0 | Arachidic acid | |||
C20_2n6 | Eicosadienoic acid | −0.56736 | ||
C20_3n6 | DGLA | −0.28721 | 0.60980 | |
C20_3n9 | Mead’s acid (eicosatrienoic) | 0.40752 | 0.68549 | |
C20_4n6 | Arachidonic acid | −0.35614 | 0.30190 | 0.48385 |
C20_5n3 | EPA | 0.86464 | ||
C22_4n6 | Docosatetraenoic acid | 0.71141 | ||
C22_5n3 | DPA | 0.78835 | ||
C22_6n3 | DHA | 0.77720 | −0.22137 |
Pattern ω3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | - | 43.6 (12.8) | 50.0 (11.8) | 52.2 (10.5) | <0.001 |
Smoking | Never smoker | 112 (50.2) | 124 (55.6) | 119 (53.4) | 0.09 |
Former smoker | 52 (23.3) | 64 (28.7) | 56 (25.1) | ||
Current smoker | 59 (26.5) | 35 (15.7) | 48 (21.5) | ||
BMI | Underweight or normal | 136 (61.0) | 113 (51.1) | 142 (63.7) | 0.08 |
Overweight | 55 (24.7) | 70 (31.7) | 55 (24.7) | ||
Obesity | 32 (14.4) | 38 (17.2) | 26 (11.7) | ||
Ethnicity | Other | 19 (8.5) | 18 (8.1) | 17 (7.6) | 0.94 |
Caucasian | 204 (91.5) | 205 (91.9) | 206 (92.4) | ||
Sex | Men | 50 (22.4) | 56 (25.1) | 46 (20.6) | 0.52 |
Women | 173 (77.6) | 167 (74.9) | 177 (79.4) | ||
Professional status | Working or student | 148 (66.4) | 131 (59.0) | 128 (57.4) | 0.04 |
Unemployed (whatever the cause) | 45 (20.2) | 40 (18.0) | 40 (17.9) | ||
Retired | 30 (13.5) | 51 (23.0) | 55 (24.7) | ||
Education level | Primary school | 96 (43.1) | 116 (52.0) | 94 (42.2) | 0.05 |
High school | 62 (27.8) | 41 (18.4) | 49 (22.0) | ||
Graduate education | 65 (29.2) | 66 (29.6) | 80 (36.9) | ||
Marital status | Single | 64 (28.7) | 51 (23.0) | 67 (30.0) | 0.21 |
Married | 159 (71.3) | 171 (77.0) | 156 (70.0) | ||
ACPA | Positive | 103 (46.8) | 110 (50.2) | 98 (44.1) | 0.44 |
IgM-RF | Positive | 120 (53.8) | 130 (58.3) | 135 (60.5) | 0.34 |
Typical RA erosions | Yes | 26 (11.7) | 41 (18.5) | 33 (14.8) | 0.13 |
Corticosteroids | Yes | 46 (20.6) | 52 (23.3) | 23 (10.3) | <0.001 |
NSAIDs | Yes | 207 (92.8) | 197 (88.3) | 201 (90.1) | 0.27 |
Beta-blockers | Yes | 13 (5.9) | 19 (8.5) | 19 (8.5) | 0.47 |
Statins | Yes | 8 (3.6) | 16 (7.2) | 20 (9.0) | 0.07 |
HRT or OC | Yes | 57 (25.7) | 32 (14.4) | 23 (10.3) | <0.001 |
Baseline use of DMARDs | Yes | 16 (7.2) | 22 (9.9) | 14 (6.3) | 0.34 |
Baseline DAS28 | >5.1 (high) | 130 (59.1) | 101 (46.5) | 109 (49.8) | 0.02 |
CRP, mean (SD) | - | 25.5 (40.8) | 19.2 (30.9) | 17.6 (28.1) | 0.03 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | p Trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patternω7–9 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 1.12 (0.74–1.72) | 1.31 (0.85–2.03) | 0.2 |
Model 2 | Ref | 1.16 (0.78–1.72) | 1.16 (0.78–1.72) | 0.06 | |
Patternω3 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 0.56 (0.36–0.86) | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) | 0.1 |
Model 2 | Ref | 0.49 (0.32–0.74) | 0.61 (0.40–0.93) | 0.02 | |
Patternω6 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 0.57 (0.37–0.88) | 0.95 (0.61–1.47) | 0.8 |
Model 2 | Ref | 0.60 (0.40–0.90) | 1.13 (0.74–1.68) | 0.63 |
T1 | T2 | T3 | p Trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patternω7-9 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 0.99 (0.54–1.82) | 0.80 (0.42–1.52) | 0.5 |
Model 2 | Ref | 0.99 (0.54–1.82) | 0.79 (0.42–1.49) | 0.5 | |
Patternω3 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 0.73 (0.40–1.34) | 0.49 (0.25–0.97) | 0.04 |
Model 2 | Ref | 0.75 (0.41–1.38) | 0.51 (0.26–1.00) | 0.05 | |
Patternω6 | |||||
OR (95% CI) | Model 1 | Ref | 0.43 (0.23–0.81) | 0.51 (0.28–0.95) | 0.03 |
Model 2 | Ref | 0.43 (0.23–0.81) | 0.51 (0.27–0.93) | 0.02 |
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Sigaux, J.; Bellicha, A.; Buscail, C.; Julia, C.; Flipo, R.-M.; Cantagrel, A.; Laporte, F.; Beal, C.; Boissier, M.-C.; Semerano, L. Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142947
Sigaux J, Bellicha A, Buscail C, Julia C, Flipo R-M, Cantagrel A, Laporte F, Beal C, Boissier M-C, Semerano L. Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort. Nutrients. 2022; 14(14):2947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142947
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigaux, Johanna, Alice Bellicha, Camille Buscail, Chantal Julia, René-Marc Flipo, Alain Cantagrel, Francois Laporte, Caroline Beal, Marie-Christophe Boissier, and Luca Semerano. 2022. "Serum Fatty Acid Profiles Are Associated with Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the ESPOIR Cohort" Nutrients 14, no. 14: 2947. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142947