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Volume 13
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10.3390/nu13051446
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Article

Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist

by
Luigi Barrea
1,2,*,†,
Giovanna Muscogiuri
2,3,†,
Gabriella Pugliese
2,3,
Daniela Laudisio
2,3,
Giulia de Alteriis
3,
Chiara Graziadio
2,3,
Annamaria Colao
2,3,4 and
Silvia Savastano
2,3
1
Centro Direzionale, Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy
2
Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
3
Unit of Endocrinology, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
4
Cattedra Unesco “Educazione alla Salute e allo Sviluppo sostenibile”, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051446
Submission received: 30 March 2021 / Revised: 18 April 2021 / Accepted: 21 April 2021 / Published: 24 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)
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Abstract

Phase angle (PhA), a noninvasive bioimpedance marker, is a useful tool for nutritional screening in several diseases. C-reactive protein (CRP), a strong risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, is a commonly used biomarker of meta-inflammation. As both PhA and CRP are influenced by age, BMI, and nutritional status, and exhibit a clear sex dimorphism, we examined the association between PhA and CRP levels in 1855 subjects (680 males and 1175 females), aged 18–59 years, with BMIs ranging from 19.5 to 69.4 kg/m2, stratified according to sex. PhA values and CRP levels were significantly lower in females than males (p < 0.001), while the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was lower in males compared to females (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, and adherence to the MD, PhA remained negatively associated with CRP levels in both genders (p < 0.001). In the ROC analysis, PhA ≤ 5.5° in males and ≤5.4° in females were the threshold values predicting increased hs-CRP levels. These results suggested that PhA might represent a valid predictor of CRP levels in both sexes regardless of body weight and adherence to the MD, which avoids the collection of blood sampling and expensive biochemical assays.
Keywords: phase angle; meta-inflammation; Mediterranean diet; C-reactive protein; bioimpedance analysis; nutritionist phase angle; meta-inflammation; Mediterranean diet; C-reactive protein; bioimpedance analysis; nutritionist
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MDPI and ACS Style

Barrea, L.; Muscogiuri, G.; Pugliese, G.; Laudisio, D.; de Alteriis, G.; Graziadio, C.; Colao, A.; Savastano, S. Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051446

AMA Style

Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, de Alteriis G, Graziadio C, Colao A, Savastano S. Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051446

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barrea, Luigi, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Daniela Laudisio, Giulia de Alteriis, Chiara Graziadio, Annamaria Colao, and Silvia Savastano. 2021. "Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist" Nutrients 13, no. 5: 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051446

APA Style

Barrea, L., Muscogiuri, G., Pugliese, G., Laudisio, D., de Alteriis, G., Graziadio, C., Colao, A., & Savastano, S. (2021). Phase Angle as an Easy Diagnostic Tool of Meta-Inflammation for the Nutritionist. Nutrients, 13(5), 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051446

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