Vegetation Productivity Losses Linked to Mediterranean Hot and Dry Events
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Remote Sensing Data
2.2.1. Vegetation Productivity and Soil Moisture
2.2.2. Land Surface Temperature
2.2.3. Land Cover
2.3. Persistence of Vegetation Stress
2.4. Vegetation Productivity Losses
2.5. Impacts on Land Cover
3. Results
3.1. Ecological Extreme Detection
3.2. Seasonal Productivity Disturbances
Seasonal Impacts
3.3. Land Cover Response
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Areas | Study Cases | Affected Area [km2] |
---|---|---|
Iberian Peninsula (IB) | 2005 | 250,655 |
2012 | 75,221 | |
Eastern Mediterranean (EM) | 2003 | 121,484 |
2007 | 76,112 | |
Western Europe (WE) | 2003 | 45,626 |
2006 | 76,766 |
Land Cover | IB | EM | WE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 2012 | 2003 | 2007 | 2003 | 2006 | |
High Tree Cover | 18.53 | 19.97 | 28.01 | 29.00 | 26.56 | 26.36 |
Low Tree Cover | 55.48 | 53.90 | 41.39 | 40.90 | 29.88 | 30.18 |
Cropland | 24.43 | 24.50 | 27.26 | 26.70 | 39.18 | 39.07 |
Other | 1.56 | 1.63 | 3.34 | 3.39 | 4.38 | 4.39 |
Annual GPP Balance | IB | EM | WE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 | 2012 | 2003 | 2007 | 2003 | 2006 | |
Extreme Year Productivity Losses | −46.98 | −10.19 | −21.12 | −9.31 | −7.72 | −13.58 |
1st Year of Recovery | −8.99 | 3.60 | −1.12 | −3.64 | −2.11 | 3.72 |
2nd Year of Recovery | 14.91 | 1.93 | −2.49 | −1.15 | −2.00 | −2.58 |
3-Year Productivity Balance | −41.06 | −4.66 | −24.73 | −14.10 | −11.93 | −12.44 |
Study Areas | Year | High Tree Cover | Low Tree Cover | Cropland | Others | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TgC/year | % | TgC/year | % | TgC/year | % | TgC/year | % | ||
IB | 2005 | −4.09 | 16.78 | −30.84 | 50.17 | −11.95 | 44.95 | −0.09 | 6.79 |
2012 | −1.24 | 5.73 | −5.82 | 14.40 | −3.11 | 15.16 | −0.02 | 2.00 | |
EM | 2003 | −4.63 | 20.72 | −10.09 | 30.73 | −6.28 | 31.42 | −0.12 | 4.59 |
2007 | −2.35 | 14.37 | −4.40 | 19.27 | −2.51 | 18.80 | −0.06 | 2.60 | |
WE | 2003 | −2.57 | 6.06 | −1.89 | 5.30 | −3.22 | 8.55 | −0.04 | 0.82 |
2006 | −6.14 | 15.55 | −3.17 | 9.91 | −4.19 | 10.98 | −0.07 | 1.63 |
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Ermitão, T.; Gouveia, C.M.; Bastos, A.; Russo, A.C. Vegetation Productivity Losses Linked to Mediterranean Hot and Dry Events. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13194010
Ermitão T, Gouveia CM, Bastos A, Russo AC. Vegetation Productivity Losses Linked to Mediterranean Hot and Dry Events. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(19):4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13194010
Chicago/Turabian StyleErmitão, Tiago, Célia M. Gouveia, Ana Bastos, and Ana C. Russo. 2021. "Vegetation Productivity Losses Linked to Mediterranean Hot and Dry Events" Remote Sensing 13, no. 19: 4010. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13194010