Comments on ‘Straka, T.J.; Layton, P.A. Natural Resources Management: Life Cycle Assessment and Forest Certification and Sustainability Issues. Sustainability 2010, 2, 604–623’
Abstract
:References and Notes
- Straka, T.J.; Layton, P.A. Natural Resources Management: Life Cycle Assessment and Forest Certification and Sustainability Issues. Sustainability 2010, 2, 604–623. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- See UNECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review 2008–2009 (p. 114): “There is a fairly clear split in Europe between large State and industrial ownerships on the one hand, which tend to adopt FSC certification, and small non-industrial private ownerships on the other, which tend to adopt PEFC certification”.
- Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). Board of Directors. Available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/about-pefc/governance/board-of-directors (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). Membership. Available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/about-pefc/membership (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). Governance. Available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/about-pefc/governance (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Some History. Available online: http://www.fsc.org/history.html (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). What Makes PEFC Unique? Available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/about-pefc/what-makes-pefc-unique (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- PEFC requirement: “The fundamental Conventions of the ILO, as amended, whether ratified or not, shall be respected in the implementation of SFM”. See PEFC Technical document, Chapter 4.6, available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/standards/technical-documentation/pefc-international-standards/item/422-pefc-technical-document (accessed on 31 May 2010). FSC requirement: This FSC policy is based on the following premises: 1. Forest managers are legally obliged to comply all ILO Conventions which have been ratified in that country. 2. forest managers are expected to comply with the eight core (fundamental) ILO conventions in all ILO member countries, by virtue of their country’s ILO membership, even if not all the conventions have been ratified. 3. FSC’s policy for voluntary certification expects managers to comply with all the ILO conventions that have an impact on forestry operations and practices, in all countries (including countries which are not ILO-members, and have not ratified the conventions). See FSC-POL-30-401 (2002) EN, page 3, available online: http://www.fsc.org/fileadmin/web-data/public/document_center/international_FSC_policies/policies/FSC_POL_30_401_EN_FSC_certification_and_ILO_Conventions_2002.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- PEFC technical documentation contains several provisions related to conversions. All the criteria prohibit conversions of forests to other uses including conversion to forest plantations implicitly, and this prohibition interpretation is the one that the PEFC Council uses in assessing national schemes against the PEFC requirements.
- PEFC technical documentation contains several provisions related to human rights and indigenous people. For example, Indicator 4.1.1 in the ATO/ITTO principles, criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of African natural tropical forests (page 23) requires that “The legal and customary rights of local populations in respect to the ownership, use and tenure of the forest land and resources are clearly defined, acknowledged and respected”. Available online: http://pefc.org/images/stories/documents/pefc-technical/ITTO-ATO.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- PEFC technical documentation contains several provisions related to the minimization of hazardous chemicals. For example, Criterion 2.2.c in the Pan-European Operational Level Guidelines for Sustainable Forest Management, page 6, requires that “The use of pesticides and herbicides shall be minimised, taking into account appropriate silvicultural alternatives and other biological measures”. Available online: http://pefc.org/images/stories/documents/pefc-technical/MCPFE-PEOLG.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- Compliance with legislation is a fundamental requirement in any credible forest certification system. PEFC requires that “National forest certification criteria and certified forest management shall respect the relevant legal requirements, national policies and programmes”. See PEFC Technical document, Chapter 4.6, available online: http://pefc.org/index.php/standards/technical-documentation/pefc-international-standards/item/422-pefc-technical-document (accessed on 31 May 2010).
- PEFC technical documentation contains several provisions related to human rights and indigenous people. In example Criterion 6.1.d in the Pan-European Operational Level Guidelines for Sustainable Forest Management, page 10, requires that “Sites with recognised specific historical, cultural or spiritual significance shall be protected or managed in a way that takes due regard of the significance of the site”. Available online: http://pefc.org/images/stories/documents/pefc-technical/MCPFE-PEOLG.pdf (accessed on 31 May 2010).
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Gunneberg, B. Comments on ‘Straka, T.J.; Layton, P.A. Natural Resources Management: Life Cycle Assessment and Forest Certification and Sustainability Issues. Sustainability 2010, 2, 604–623’. Sustainability 2010, 2, 2617-2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2082617
Gunneberg B. Comments on ‘Straka, T.J.; Layton, P.A. Natural Resources Management: Life Cycle Assessment and Forest Certification and Sustainability Issues. Sustainability 2010, 2, 604–623’. Sustainability. 2010; 2(8):2617-2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2082617
Chicago/Turabian StyleGunneberg, Ben. 2010. "Comments on ‘Straka, T.J.; Layton, P.A. Natural Resources Management: Life Cycle Assessment and Forest Certification and Sustainability Issues. Sustainability 2010, 2, 604–623’" Sustainability 2, no. 8: 2617-2620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2082617