Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) Fisheries in Coastal Communities of Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Description of the Study Area
3.2. Field Surveys
3.3. Fish Species Identification
3.4. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change Analysis
3.5. Water Quality Analyses
3.6. Trends Analysis of S. maderensis Abundance
3.7. Percieved Anthropogenic Effects on S. maderensis Abundance
4. Results
4.1. Fish Species Identification
4.2. Land Use and Land Cover Change
4.3. Water Quality Analyses
4.4. Trends in S. maderensis Abundance
4.5. Anthropogenic Factors Predicting S. maderensis Abundance
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OID | Name of Community | X_Coord | Y_Coord | No. of Fishers | Respondents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mopo Onibeju | 570649.904 | 710203.215 | 26 | 7 |
2 | Mosirikogo | 576039.373 | 710332.186 | 20 | 2 |
3 | Iwerekun | 580971.087 | 710695.66 | 22 | 5 |
4 | Igando Orudu | 588118.119 | 711854.276 | 20 | 4 |
5 | Debojo/Idado | 590680.321 | 712122.65 | 10 | 2 |
6 | Badore/Eleko | 592815.844 | 711999.131 | 6 | 1 |
7 | Magbon Alade | 598409.745 | 711667.942 | 290 | 52 |
8 | Orimedu | 600708.216 | 711570.328 | 315 | 57 |
9 | Orofun | 602640.31 | 711634.803 | 40 | 9 |
10 | Akodo | 603698.202 | 711494.404 | 185 | 34 |
11 | Tiye | 605610.807 | 711111.619 | 32 | 6 |
12 | Imobido | 606933.329 | 710870.107 | 12 | 1 |
13 | Idaso | 609293.271 | 710589.953 | 40 | 6 |
14 | Idotun/Magbon Segun | 613545.895 | 709805.322 | 40 | 8 |
15 | Okunraye | 616821.825 | 709262.975 | 20 | 5 |
16 | Olomowewe | 617879.415 | 709326.165 | 30 | 6 |
17 | Origanrigan | 618917.048 | 709206.33 | 15 | 3 |
18 | Oshoroko | 620422.918 | 708904.5 | 15 | 2 |
19 | Lekki | 621501.646 | 708601.792 | 60 | 7 |
20 | Apakin | 624818.66 | 707978.634 | 40 | 7 |
21 | Ita-Marun | 625958.063 | 707859.144 | 100 | 19 |
22 | Oriyanrin | 627240.777 | 707333.312 | 74 | 15 |
23 | Otolu | 628868.325 | 707255.64 | 80 | 15 |
24 | Okegelu | 630435.325 | 706974.531 | 40 | 14 |
25 | Lepia | 630924.571 | 706528.296 | 60 | 13 |
26 | Ikegun | 631900.825 | 706611.888 | 20 | 4 |
27 | Folu | 632633.442 | 706491.583 | 200 | 40 |
28 | OkunIse | 634138.993 | 706413.772 | 42 | 10 |
29 | AkodoIse | 634932.844 | 706212.301 | 15 | 6 |
30 | Imedu | 636683.217 | 705850.448 | 10 | 0 |
Total | 1879 | 360 |
Acquisition Date | Satellite Number | Sensor Type | WRS Path/Row | UTM Zone | Datum | Spatial Resolution (M) | Source and Year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 January 2020 | Landsat 8 | OLI_TIRS | 191/55 | 31 N | WGS84 | 30 | USGS, 2020 |
28 December 2002 | Landsat 7 | ETM+ | 191/55 | 31 N | WGS84 | 30 | USGS, 2006 |
18 December 1984 | Landsat 5 | TM | 191/55 | 31 N | WGS84 | 30 | USGS, 1984 |
Variable | Description | Values | Measurement |
---|---|---|---|
V49 | Hours of fishing trip | {1–6 h, 7–12 h} … | Ordinal |
V53a | Market/individual consumers | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V53b | Market/companies | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V53c | Market/middle women | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V54 | Average weight/quantity of each catch | {1–100 kg, 101–200 kg} … | Nominal |
V61a | Land use effect/industrial dev. | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V61b | Land use effect/residential dev. | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V61c | Land use effect/recreational dev. | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V61d | Land use effect/commercial dev. | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V61e | Land use effect/transportation dev. | {No, Yes} | Nominal |
V62a | Scale of effect/industrial dev. | {None, Least effect} … | Ordinal |
V62b | Scale of effect/residential dev. | {None, Least effect} … | Ordinal |
V62c | Scale of effect/recreational dev. | {None, Least effect} … | Ordinal |
V62d | Scale of effect/commercial dev. | {None, Least effect} … | Ordinal |
V62e | Scale of effect/transportation dev. | {None, Least effect} … | Ordinal |
V67a | Needed amenities/good roads | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67b | Needed amenities/hospitals | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67c | Needed amenities/electricity | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67d | Needed amenities/schools | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67e | Needed amenities/telecom. facilities | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67f | Needed amenities/pipe-borne water | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67g | Needed amenities/financial incentives | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V67h | Needed amenities/extension services | {Not needed, Least needed} … | Ordinal |
V61_LUE | Perceived land use anthrop. effect | {SUM: V61a, …, V61e} | Scale |
V62_LUS | Scale of land-use anthrop. effect | {SUM: V62a, …, V62e} | Scale |
V_LANDUSE | Perceived land use effects | {PRODUCT: V61_LUE, V62_LUS} | Scale |
V_CATCHTRIP | Catch per trip (kg) | {V54) | Scale |
V_FISH_EFFORT | Fishing effort (hours) | {V49} | Scale |
CPUE | Catch per unit effort (kg/h) | {V54/V49} | Scale |
V53_MKT | Access to market | {SUM: V53a, V53b, V53c} | Scale |
V_AMENITY | Amenities (needed) | {SUM: V67a, …, V67h} | Scale |
S/N | Name of Sample | Percentage ID | GenBank Accession No. | BLAST Prediction |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | OR1 | 99.84 | MT272815.1 | S. maderensis |
2. | OR2 | 99.69 | MT272814.1 | S. maderensis |
3. | OR3 | 93.91 | MT272807.1 | S. maderensis |
4 | OR4 | 98.89 | AP009143.1 | S. maderensis |
5. | OR5 | 99.21 | AP009143.1 | S. maderensis |
6. | OR6 | 99.01 | AP009143.1 | S. maderensis |
7. | LE1 | 89.38 | MT272815.1 | S. maderensis |
8. | LE2 | 100.0 | MT272815.1 | S. maderensis |
9. | LE3 | 99.31 | MT272816.1 | S. maderensis |
10. | LE4 | 99.62 | MT272816.1 | S. maderensis |
11. | LE5 | 99.83 | MT272811.1 | S. maderensis |
12. | LE6 | 99.83 | MT272816.1 | S. maderensis |
Categories | 1984 (Sq. Km) | % | 2002 (Sq. Km) | % | 2020 (Sq. Km) | % | 1984–2020 Change (Sq. Km) | Change % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Bodies | 268.379 | 45.07 | 268.740 | 45.13 | 267.046 | 44.84 | −1.333 | −0.5 |
Forested Areas | 136.713 | 22.96 | 187.481 | 31.48 | 118.089 | 19.83 | −18.624 | −13.62 |
Cultivated Lands | 102.222 | 17.16 | 35.267 | 5.92 | 38.913 | 6.53 | −63.309 | −61.93 |
Minor Urban | 56.355 | 9.46 | 54.482 | 9.15 | 83.903 | 14.09 | 27.549 | 48.88 |
Major Urban | 31.868 | 5.35 | 49.568 | 8.32 | 87.585 | 14.71 | 55.717 | 174.84 |
Total | 595.538 | 100 | 595.538 | 100 | 595.538 | 100 |
Physicochemical Parameters | Min | Max | Mean | Permissible Limits | Remark |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water Temp. (°C) | 23 | 27 | 25.39 | 24 °C [75] | Within required range |
pH | 7.32 | 8.06 | 7.88 | 6.5–8.5 [76]; 9.0 [77] | Within required range |
Salinity (ppt) | 24.86 | 32.17 | 29.37 | Tolerates low salinities [9,12] | Within required range |
TDS (mg/L) | 11,500 | 30,000 | 24,971.1 | 2000 mg/L [77] | Higher than acceptable level |
DO (mg/L) | 4.8 | 15.8 | 7.97 | 4.8 mg/L [78] | Within acceptable limit |
BOD (mg/L) | 0.4 | 11 | 3.37 | 3–6 mg/L—tolerable; 8 mg/L—lethal [79] | Within range/sometimes above the lethal limit |
NO3 (mg/L) | 0.01 | 2.11 | 0.31 | 20 mg/L [77,80] 10 mg/L [78,81] | Within acceptable limit |
PO4 (mg/L) | 0.01 | 0.7 | 0.15 | 5 mg/L [77] | Within acceptable limit |
Chlorophyll-a (µg/L) | 0 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.1–8 µg/L [82] | Not up to the required level |
Heavy Metals | Min | Max | Mean ± SD | Permissible Limits (USEPA) | Permissible Limits (FEPA, 2003) | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lead (Pb) | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.20 ± 0.17 | 0.14 [76] | <1.00 | Within acceptable limits nationally but above the international limit |
Cadmium (Cd) | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.06 ± 0.06 | 0.03 [83] | <1.00 | |
Iron (Fe) | 0.31 | 3.16 | 2.62 ± 0.51 | 1.00 [84] | - | |
Manganese (Mn) | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.10 [84] | 5.00 | |
Nickel (Ni) | 0.21 | 0.93 | 0.64 ± 0.19 | 0.07 [85] | <1.00 | |
Chromium (Cr) | 0.00 | 7.00 | 1.73 ± 2.09 | 0.18 [86] | <1.00 | Above acceptable limits |
Variable | B | SE | 95.00% CI | β | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 140.99 | 25.79 | [90.28, 191.71] | 0.00 | 5.47 | <0.001 |
V_FISH_EFFORT | −7.45 | 0.64 | [−8.72, −6.18] | −0.54 | −11.58 | <0.001 |
V_AMENITY | −3.23 | 0.55 | [−4.32, −2.15] | −0.27 | −5.85 | <0.001 |
V_LANDUSE | −0.85 | 0.27 | [−1.39, −0.32] | −0.15 | −3.16 | 0.002 |
V_MKT | 41.48 | 8.12 | [25.51, 57.45] | 0.22 | 5.11 | <0.001 |
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Adewale, T.; Aheto, D.; Okyere, I.; Soyinka, O.; Dekolo, S. Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) Fisheries in Coastal Communities of Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Sustainability 2024, 16, 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072848
Adewale T, Aheto D, Okyere I, Soyinka O, Dekolo S. Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) Fisheries in Coastal Communities of Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Sustainability. 2024; 16(7):2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072848
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdewale, Temitope, Denis Aheto, Isaac Okyere, Olufemi Soyinka, and Samuel Dekolo. 2024. "Effects of Anthropogenic Activities on Sardinella maderensis (Lowe, 1838) Fisheries in Coastal Communities of Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria" Sustainability 16, no. 7: 2848. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072848