Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Entrepreneurship and People
Authors | Contributions | Advancement of New Knowledge, a Guide to Practice and Further Research |
---|---|---|
[29] | Semantic study of social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurs, and social enterprise. | Clarification of the terms used to define social entrepreneurship. |
[30] | Definition of social entrepreneurship: to be focused on people and based on economic efficiency and social purpose. | A human-centric approach to social entrepreneurship. Development of long-term economic benefits for communities. |
[31,32,33,34] | Social entrepreneurship as a response to new societal challenges and a means to generate social value. | Social entrepreneurship as a response to new societal challenges and an effective way to generate social value Social entrepreneurship as a tool to address specific societal challenges. |
[2] | Identification a lack of research on the social and environmental context of sustainable entrepreneurship. | Identifying the need for more research on sustainable entrepreneurship and its social and environmental context. |
[37] | Potential exploitation of firms that pursue the dual bottom line of economic and social/ecological goals. | Exploration of ways to ensure that businesses pursuing the dual bottom line are not exploited for financial gain. |
[43] | Examination of the differences between social business models and entrepreneurship models, as their economic goals may vary. | Critical analysis of the evolution of entrepreneurship and business concepts. |
[44] | How social enterprises integrate with capitalism without challenging it. | Demonstration of the coexistence of innovation, social commitment, and profit in social entrepreneurship. Investigation about how social enterprises can integrate with capitalism without compromising their social and environmental goals. |
[45] | Examination of how non-profit organizations use commercial or managerial expertise to generate income with creative strategies. | How non-profit organizations (1) aim to create social value instead of personal gain or remuneration for shareholders, (2) develop innovative approaches to imitate the activities of for-profit companies. |
[46] | Importance of a process-oriented approach to achieving the three goals of sustainable entrepreneurship. | Significance of targeting social and economic objectives in social entrepreneurship. |
[47] | Universal definition of social entrepreneurship and outline of a social business model. | Demonstration about how social entrepreneurs navigate between the economic, social, and ecological dimensions. |
2.1. Global Level
- A goal pursued other than the sole sharing of profits;
- Democratic governance, defined and organized by the articles of association, providing for information and participation, the expression of which is not only linked to their capital contribution or the amount of their financial contribution, of partners, employees, and from stakeholders to achievements, of the company;
- Management following the following principles:
- (a)
- The profits are mainly devoted to the objective of maintaining or business development;
- (b)
- The obligatory reserves constituted, indivisible, cannot be distributed. “
2.2. Organizational Level
2.3. Individual Level: Profile and Training
2.4. Research Gaps
3. Entrepreneurship and Planet
Authors | Contributions | Advancement of New Knowledge, Guide to Practice and Further Research |
---|---|---|
[127] | Identifying four different ‘entrepreneurial cultures’ among EU countries, underlining that culture is one of the key elements explaining differences in context conditions for starting a business venture. | Understanding the cultural context for entrepreneurship and identifying differences in context conditions for starting a business venture. |
[128] | Green entrepreneurship refers to activities that consciously address environmental and social problems through the implementation of entrepreneurial ideas, amidst high risks and with the expectation of a net positive impact on the environment and financial sustainability. | Identifying and promoting green entrepreneurship as a means of addressing environmental and social problems through entrepreneurial ideas. |
[129] | Green ventures have a more positive economic and social impact and are less harmful or even beneficial to environmental quality when compared to conventional new ventures. | Encouraging the creation of green ventures as a means of achieving a net positive impact on the environment and financial sustainability. |
[130] | Tools such as toxic corporate releases, socially responsible indices, and Environmental, Social and Governance-based ratings can help individuals and organizations track and improve their environmental impact. | Using environmental performance measurement tools to identify areas for improvement and set targets for reducing environmental impact. |
[131] | Many individuals are choosing to become green entrepreneurs, who consciously address environmental or social problems and achieve a net positive impact on the environment and financial sustainability. | Encouraging individuals to become green entrepreneurs as a means of addressing environmental or social problems and achieving a net positive impact on the environment and financial sustainability. |
[90] | Introduction of the concept of sustainable development and emphasized the need to balance economic growth with social and environmental considerations. | The starting point of attention paid to environmental dilemmas. The need to explore ways to achieve sustainable development that balances economic, social, and environmental considerations. |
[126] | Introduction the one-pillar model of sustainable development, which prioritizes the ecological dimension. | The need to balance economic growth with social and environmental considerations, with an emphasis on protecting natural resources and ecosystems. The role of entrepreneurs in addressing environmental challenges and achieving sustainable development by creating new products, services, and business models that improve human welfare. The need to explore how entrepreneurs can contribute to sustainable development, particularly in protecting the planet. |
[84,87,132,133] | Different definitions for sustainable entrepreneurship, including environmental entrepreneurship, green entrepreneurship, and sustainable entrepreneurship. | The agreement that green entrepreneurship should be defined in terms of the adopted technological line of production or a firm’s activities. Green entrepreneurship as a storytelling process through which an entrepreneur obtains support from stakeholders to pursue their goals. |
3.1. Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Performance
- Environmentally oriented literature: This stream focuses on entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards their enterprises’ environmental goals and policies. These entrepreneurs follow their motivation to earn financial benefits by helping to decrease environmental problems and ecological degradation [84,134,136,141]. In this stream, the planet is a secondary purpose [37].
- Sustainability-oriented literature: This stream explores the relationship between sustainable development and entrepreneurship. Sustainable entrepreneurs seek to solve societal and environmental problems through their entrepreneurial activities [37,85,88,126]. The planet is the primary purpose of this stream [84,128].
3.2. How May Entrepreneurship Protect the Planet?
3.3. Benefits of Green Entrepreneurship and Further Necessary Actions
3.4. Research Gaps
4. Entrepreneurship and Profit
4.1. What Is Profit for the Sustainable Entrepreneur?
4.2. Is Profit a Goal or a Constraint for the Sustainable Entrepreneur?
4.3. The Genuine Goals of the Sustainable Entrepreneur
4.4. Research Gaps
5. Conclusions
5.1. Research Implications
5.2. Managerial and Practical Implications
5.3. Contributions to Theory from Various Perspectives
5.4. Implications for Different Researchers
5.5. Future Research Directions
- First, it ensures that all stakeholders have a say in decision making. This feature is essential because sustainability concerns not just environmental issues but also social and economic issues. If one group of stakeholders stays out of the decision-making process, the whole system is at risk of becoming unbalanced.
- Second, good governance helps make all decisions in the best interests of all stakeholders. This point is vital because sustainability is about creating value for all stakeholders-not just shareholders. If decisions benefit one group of stakeholders at the expense of another, then the system is not sustainable.
- Third, good governance helps to ensure that decision-makers are accountable for their actions. Accountability is necessary because sustainability ensures that our actions today do not jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. If decision-makers are not held accountable for their actions, they will be more likely to make short-sighted decisions that could have long-term negative consequences.
- Fourth, good governance ensures that organizations are transparent in their decision-making. Transparency is crucial because sustainability creates trust between organizations and their stakeholders. Organizations must be more transparent in their decision making so that stakeholders will trust them and the system will be sustainable [195,196].
5.6. Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Contributions | Advancement of New Knowledge, Guide to Practice and Further Research |
---|---|---|
[149] | Traditional view: profit maximization as the sole objective of firms and their workers, employees, managers, and entrepreneurs. | Consider alternative perspectives on profit to balance sustainability and profitability. |
[150] | The concepts of “economic profit” and “entrepreneur” are interconnected. | Identify the role of entrepreneurship in profit-making. |
[151] | Entrepreneurs are motivated by profit and strive to anticipate future needs, identify better techniques, innovate, and take risks. | Analyze how entrepreneurs balance profitability and sustainability. |
[16] | Summary of different views of profit in neoclassical, ownership, Austrian, and entrepreneurship theory. CSR is possible in entrepreneurial firm theory but optional. | Consider CSR an optional strategy in entrepreneurship. |
[144] | Sustainable entrepreneurship requires balancing the sometimes-conflicting goals of generating a profit and promoting sustainability. Entrepreneurs can achieve this balance by prioritizing innovation and business strategies. | Prioritize innovation and business strategies to balance profitability and sustainability. |
[88] | Examined social entrepreneurs’ motivations to understand profit’s role in their decision making. | Analyze the role of profit in social entrepreneurship. |
[152] | Compared the median cash incomes of entrepreneurs and employees in Australia and found that entrepreneurs have lower base incomes and continue to earn less than employees throughout their careers. | Analyze the non-monetary benefits of entrepreneurship. |
[153] | Entrepreneurs are increasingly incorporating CSR practices and strategies into their companies. | Consider the impact of CSR practices on sustainability. |
[154] | Explored the impact of new businesses on sustainability in the context of family firms. | Analyze the impact of new businesses on sustainability. |
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Chenavaz, R.Y.; Couston, A.; Heichelbech, S.; Pignatel, I.; Dimitrov, S. Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118849
Chenavaz RY, Couston A, Heichelbech S, Pignatel I, Dimitrov S. Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. Sustainability. 2023; 15(11):8849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118849
Chicago/Turabian StyleChenavaz, Régis Y., Alexandra Couston, Stéphanie Heichelbech, Isabelle Pignatel, and Stanko Dimitrov. 2023. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda" Sustainability 15, no. 11: 8849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118849
APA StyleChenavaz, R. Y., Couston, A., Heichelbech, S., Pignatel, I., & Dimitrov, S. (2023). Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda. Sustainability, 15(11), 8849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118849