A Portrait of Socially Responsible Hospitals in Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Social Performance in Healthcare
1.2. Hospital Accreditation in Indonesia
1.3. Social Performance Framework
1.4. Pollution Waste and Product Liability
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Hospital Data
2.2. Methods and Measures
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Construct | Items | Run 1 | Run 2 | Reliability Statistics | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drop | Valid | Drop | Valid | Cronbach’s Alpha | n of Items | ||
Pollution and Waste (PW) | 9 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0.632 | 8 |
Product Liability (PL) | 41 | 23 | 18 | 15 | 3 | 0.810 | 3 |
Construct | SFL > 0.5 | AVE > 0.5 | CR > 0.7 | Convergent Validity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Social Performance (SP) | 0.60 | 0.75 | established | |
Pollution and Waste (8 PW) | 0.73 | good validity | ||
Product Liability (3 PL) | 0.81 | good validity |
Pollution and Waste Management (PW) | |
PW1 | The hospital has a proper storage and treatment system for liquid and solid hazardous and toxic waste materials by statutory regulations. |
PW2 | The hospital has regulations for handling hazardous waste in accordance with the WHO category and statutory regulations. |
PW3 | The hospital reduces the risk of infection through the proper management of linen/laundry by statutory regulations. |
PW4 | Linen/laundry management is carried out by infection prevention and control principles. |
PW5 | The hospital reduces the risk of infection through proper management of infectious waste. |
PW6 | The hospital determines the management of the morgue by laws and regulations. |
PW7 | The hospital establishes the safe management of sharps and needles waste. |
PW8 | The hospital conducts regular inspections of clean water and wastewater by laws and regulations. |
Product Liability (PL) | |
PL1 | The hospital plans and implements programs for inspecting, testing, and maintaining omedical equipment, ensuring all quality utility systems (support systems) function safely, efficiently, and effectively. |
PL2 | The hospital establishes standard diagnostic codes and procedure/action codes, including adequate information to identify patients, support diagnoses, justify treatments, maintain examination documents and treatment results, and maintain patient data confidentiality. |
PL3 | The hospital proactively conducts infection risk assessments; implements infection prevention and control programs and strategies; and ensures overall occupational health related to health services for patients and clinical and nonclinical staff. |
n | Min | Max | Mean | Std. Deviation | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP | 752 | 4.00 | 10.00 | 8.14 | 1.00762 |
SP | |
---|---|
MAX | 10.00 |
MIN | 4.00 |
Range | 6.00 |
lower bound | 8.07 |
upper bound | 8.22 |
Mean | 8.14 |
μ (level category) | moderate |
Level | Category | Range SP |
---|---|---|
Very low | The hospital fully neglects to take any steps in the process of achieving the various targets with a focus on social impacts (community, stakeholders, and the environment). | 2.50–4.49 |
Low | The hospital takes minimal steps in the process of achieving the various targets with a focus on social impacts (community, stakeholders, and the environment). | 4.50–6.49 |
Moderate | The hospital occasionally takes steps in the process of achieving various targets with a focus on social impacts (community, stakeholders, and the environment). | 6.50–8.49 |
High | The hospital takes several steps in the process of achieving various targets with a focus on social impacts (community, stakeholders, and the environment). | 8.50–10.49 |
Very High | The hospital fully engages in the process of achieving various targets with a focus on social impacts (community, stakeholders, and environment). | 10.50–12.49 |
Hospital Class | A | B | C | D | Be |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 26 | 140 | 393 | 182 | 11 |
Std. Error | 0.192 | 0.083 | 0.050 | 0.081 | 0.332 |
Mean | 8.00 | 7.96 | 7.88 | 7.82 | 7.72 |
95% Confidence Lower bound | 7.60 | 7.79 | 7.78 | 7.6 | 6.98 |
Upper bound | 8.39 | 8.13 | 7.98 | 7.98 | 8.46 |
5% Trimmed Mean | 8.05 | 8.04 | 7.96 | 7.91 | 7.80 |
Paripurna | Madya | Utama | Dasar | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 330 | 177 | 157 | 88 |
Std. Error | 0.554 | 0.075 | 0.067 | 0.135 |
Mean | 7.97 | 7.85 | 7.98 | 7.44 |
95% Confidence Lower bound | 7.86 | 7.70 | 7.84 | 7.17 |
Upper bound | 8.08 | 8.00 | 8.11 | 7.71 |
West Indonesia | Central Indonesia | East Indonesia | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 617 | 29 | 104 |
Std. Error | 0.041 | 0.176 | 0.090 |
Mean | 7.88 | 7.75 | 7.96 |
95% Confidence Lower bound | 7.80 | 7.39 | 7.78 |
Upper bound | 7.96 | 8.12 | 8.14 |
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Layman, C.V.; Sasmoko; Hamsal, M.; Sanny, L. A Portrait of Socially Responsible Hospitals in Indonesia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063437
Layman CV, Sasmoko, Hamsal M, Sanny L. A Portrait of Socially Responsible Hospitals in Indonesia. Sustainability. 2022; 14(6):3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063437
Chicago/Turabian StyleLayman, Chrisanty Victoria, Sasmoko, Mohammad Hamsal, and Lim Sanny. 2022. "A Portrait of Socially Responsible Hospitals in Indonesia" Sustainability 14, no. 6: 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063437
APA StyleLayman, C. V., Sasmoko, Hamsal, M., & Sanny, L. (2022). A Portrait of Socially Responsible Hospitals in Indonesia. Sustainability, 14(6), 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063437