Closing the Gap: Potentials of ESE Distance Teaching
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Impact of Distance Education on ESE Learning Outcome
1.2. Impact of Digital Preferences on ESE Learning Outcome
1.3. Impact of Interest on ESE Learning Outcome
1.4. Importance of the Study and Research Goals
- How do fifth-graders perform in the German version of the DNAS?
- To what extent can the internal structure of the FBio scale be identified in German students?
- Which influences learning progress more: student fascination as measured on the FBio scale or Digital Nativity as measured on the DNAS scale? How do topic and method influence each other?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Intervention Design
2.2. Instruments and Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Digital Nativity Assessment Scale
3.2. Fascination with Biology
3.3. DNAS, FBio and Knowledge Levels
4. Discussion
4.1. Assessment of DNAS Values
4.2. Analysis of FBio Values
4.3. Influence of Digital Preferences and Fascination Levels on Knowledge Gains
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Schmidt-Traub, G.; Kroll, C.; Teksoz, K.; Durand-Delacre, D.; Sachs, J.D. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nat. Geosci. 2017, 10, 547–555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sachs, J.; Kroll, C.; Lafortune, G.; Fuller, G.; Woelm, F. The Decade of Action for the Sustainable Development Goals: Sustainable Development Report 2021; Cambridge UP: Cambridge, UK, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Weinrich, R. Cross-Cultural Comparison between German, French and Dutch Consumer Preferences for Meat Substitutes. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1819. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Weinrich, R. Opportunities for the Adoption of Health-Based Sustainable Dietary Patterns: A Review on Consumer Research of Meat Substitutes. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4028. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Burghard, U.; Dütschke, E. Who wants shared mobility? Lessons from early adopters and mainstream drivers on electric carsharing in Germany. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ. 2019, 71, 96–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fischer, A.; Arnold, M.G. Tiny Houses as Innovations for the Base of Pyramid Markets in Germany: A Critical Perspective under the Lens of Sustainability. In Base of the Pyramid Markets in Affluent Countries: Innovation and Challenges to Sustainability, 1st ed.; Arnold, M.G., Muthuri, J.N., Rueda, X., Gold, S., Eds.; Routledge: London, UK, 2021; pp. 104–139. [Google Scholar]
- Krack, K.; Oberholzer, G. Rettet die Bienen«—Das Ergebnis des Bayerischen Volksbegehrens (Teil I von III). Zeitschrift Für Geodäsie Geoinf. Und Landmanag. 2020, 6, 380–384. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Telli, A.; Erat, S.; Demir, B. Comparison of energy transition of Turkey and Germany: Energy policy, strengths/weaknesses and targets. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 2021, 23, 413–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azarova, V.; Cohen, J.; Friedl, C.; Reichl, J. Designing local renewable energy communities to increase social acceptance: Evidence from a choice experiment in Austria, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. Energy Policy 2019, 132, 1176–1183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bengart, P.; Vogt, B. Fuel mix disclosure in Germany—The effect of more transparent information on consumer preferences for renewable energy. Energy Policy 2021, 150, 112120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liebe, U.; Dobers, G.M. Decomposing public support for energy policy: What drives acceptance of and intentions to protest against renewable energy expansion in Germany? Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 2019, 47, 247–260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wilson, J.S.; Forister, M.L.; Carril, O.M. Interest exceeds understanding in public support of bee conservation. Front. Ecol. Environ. 2017, 15, 460–466. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rieckmann, M. Education for Sustainable Development Goals: Learning Objectives; UNESCO Publishing: Paris, France, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- UNSD. The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2017; United Nations: New York, NY, USA, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Singer-Brodowski, M.; Brock, A.; Etzkorn, N.; Otte, I. Monitoring of education for sustainable development in Germany—insights from early childhood education, school and higher education. Environ. Educ. Res. 2019, 25, 492–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carr, W.; Kemmis, S. (Eds.) A Critical Approach to Theory and Practice. In Becoming Critical: Education Knowledge and Action Research; Routledge: London, UK, 2004; pp. 129–154. ISBN 9780203496626. [Google Scholar]
- Dunne, J. An intricate fabric: Understanding the rationality of practice. Pedagog. Cult. Soc. 2005, 13, 367–390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borrego, M. Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Trained Engineers Learning Educational Research Methods. J. Eng. Educ. 2007, 96, 91–102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grubišić, A.; Stankov, S.; Rosić, M.; Žitko, B. Controlled experiment replication in evaluation of e-learning system’s educational influence. Comput. Educ. 2009, 53, 591–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kyndt, E.; Raes, E.; Lismont, B.; Timmers, F.; Cascallar, E.; Dochy, F. A meta-analysis of the effects of face-to-face cooperative learning. Do recent studies falsify or verify earlier findings? Educ. Res. Rev. 2013, 10, 133–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Potvin, P.; Hasni, A. Interest, motivation and attitude towards science and technology at K-12 levels: A systematic review of 12 years of educational research. Stud. Sci. Educ. 2014, 50, 85–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Freeman, S.; Eddy, S.L.; McDonough, M.; Smith, M.K.; Okoroafor, N.; Jordt, H.; Wenderoth, M.P. Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2014, 111, 8410–8415. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Millara, M.G.; Millar, K.U. The Effects of Direct and Indirect Experience on Affective and Cognitive Responses and the Attitude-Behavior Relation. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 1996, 32, 561–579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilke, R.R.; Straits, W.J. The effects of discovery learning in a lower-division biology course. Adv. Physiol. Educ. 2001, 25, 134–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- NGSS Lead States. Next Generation Science Standards: For States, By States. Available online: https://www.nextgenscience.org/ (accessed on 20 March 2022).
- Semenets-Orlova, I.; Teslenko, V.; Dakal, A.; Zadorozhnyi, V.; Marusina, O.; Klochko, A. Distance Learning Technologies and Innovations in Education for Sustainable Development. Stud. Appl. Econ. 2021, 39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aguliera, E.; Nightengale-Lee, B. Emergency remote teaching across urban and rural contexts: Perspectives on educational equity. Inf. Learn. Sci. 2020, 121, 471–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grewenig, E.; Lergetporer, P.; Werner, K.; Woessmann, L.; Zierow, L. COVID-19 and educational inequality: How school closures affect low- and high-achieving students. Eur. Econ. Rev. 2021, 140, 103920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Akçayır, M.; Dündar, H.; Akçayır, G. What makes you a digital native? Is it enough to be born after 1980? Comput. Hum. Behavior. 2016, 60, 435–440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prensky, M. Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon 2001, 9, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lai, K.-W.; Hong, K.-S. Technology use and learning characteristics of students in higher education: Do generational differences exist? Br. J. Educ. Technol. 2015, 46, 725–738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bennett, S.; Maton, K. Beyond the ‘digital natives’ debate: Towards a more nuanced understanding of students’ technology experiences. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 2010, 26, 321–331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wilson, M.L.; Hall, J.A.; Mulder, D.J. Assessing digital nativeness in pre-service teachers: Analysis of the Digital Natives Assessment Scale and implications for practice. J. Res. Technol. Educ. 2020, 54, 249–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Teo, T.; Kabakçı Yurdakul, I.; Ursavaş, Ö.F. Exploring the digital natives among pre-service teachers in Turkey: A cross-cultural validation of the Digital Native Assessment Scale. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2016, 24, 1231–1244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heinz, J. Digital Skills and the Influence of Students’ Socio-Economic Background. An Exploratory Study in German Elementary Schools. Ital. J. Sociol. Educ. 2016, 8, 186–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pagani, L.; Argentin, G.; Gui, M.; Stanca, L. The impact of digital skills on educational outcomes: Evidence from performance tests. Educ. Stud. 2016, 42, 137–162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Teo, T. An initial development and validation of a Digital Natives Assessment Scale (DNAS). Comput. Educ. 2013, 67, 51–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, F.; Teo, T.; He, J. Digital nativity of university teachers in China: Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Digital Native Assessment Scale (DNAS). Interact. Learn. Environ. 2021, 29, 385–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kabakci Yurdakul, I. Modeling the relationship between pre-service teachers’ TPACK and digital nativity. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 2018, 66, 267–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wagner, V.; Acier, D. Factor Structure Evaluation of the French Version of the Digital Natives Assessment Scale. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 2017, 20, 195–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fraillon, J.; Ainley, J.; Schulz, W.; Friedman, T.; Duckworth, D. (Eds.) Introduction to the IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018. In Preparing for Life in a Digital World: IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018 International Report; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 1–14. ISBN 978-3-030-38781-5. [Google Scholar]
- Hu, J.; Yu, R. The effects of ICT-based social media on adolescents’ digital reading performance: A longitudinal study of PISA 2009, PISA 2012, PISA 2015 and PISA 2018. Comput. Educ. 2021, 175, 104342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nagy, J.; Habók, A. Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Individual and Classroom Practices: An Empirical Study of External and Internal Factors of ICT Use. Libri 2018, 68, 113–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schiefele, U. Interests and Learning. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning; Seel, N.M., Ed.; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 2012; pp. 1623–1626. ISBN 978-1-4419-1427-9. [Google Scholar]
- Stöckert, A.; Bogner, F.X. Cognitive Learning about Waste Management: How Relevance and Interest Influence Long-Term Knowledge. Educ. Sci. 2020, 10, 102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Krapp, A.; Prenzel, M. Research on Interest in Science: Theories, methods, and findings. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2011, 33, 27–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hidi, S.; Renninger, K.A.; Krapp, A. Interest, a motivational variable that combines affective and cognitive functioning. In Motivation, Emotion, and Cognition: Integrative Perspectives on Intellectual Functioning and Development; Dai, D.Y., Sternberg, R.J., Eds.; Routledge: New York, NY, USA, 2004; pp. 89–115. [Google Scholar]
- Otto, S.; Körner, F.; Marschke, B.A.; Merten, M.J.; Brandt, S.; Sotiriou, S.; Bogner, F.X. Deeper learning as integrated knowledge and fascination for Science. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2020, 42, 807–834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Baierl, T.-M.; Bonine, K.; Johnson, B.; Bogner, F.X. Biosphere 2 as an informal learning platform to assess motivation, fascination, and cognitive achievement for sustainability. Stud. Educ. Eval. 2021, 70, 101061. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schneiderhan-Opel, J.; Bogner, F.X. How fascination for biology is associated with students’ learning in a biodiversity citizen science project. Stud. Educ. Eval. 2020, 66, 100892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lytle, A.; Shin, J.E. Incremental Beliefs, STEM Efficacy and STEM Interest Among First-Year Undergraduate Students. J. Sci. Educ. Technol. 2020, 29, 272–281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roberts, T.; Jackson, C.; Mohr-Schroeder, M.J.; Bush, S.B.; Maiorca, C.; Cavalcanti, M.; Craig Schroeder, D.; Delaney, A.; Putnam, L.; Cremeans, C. Students’ perceptions of STEM learning after participating in a summer informal learning experience. Int. J. STEM Educ. 2018, 5, 35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Arcos-Alonso, A.; Alonso, A.A. Problem-based learning and other active methodologies as support for distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cypriot J. Educ. Sci. 2021, 16, 277–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fiedler, S.T.; Heyne, T.; Bogner, F.X. Explore Your Local Biodiversity—How School Grounds Evoke Visions of Sustainability. Am. Biol. Teach. 2020, 82, 606–613. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fiedler, S.T.; Heyne, T.; Bogner, F.X. COVID-19 and lockdown schooling: How digital learning environments influence semantic structures and sustainability knowledge. Discov. Sustain. 2021, 2, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, J.-Y.; Nian, M.-W. The dynamics of an online learning community in a hybrid statistics classroom over time: Implications for the question-oriented problem-solving course design with the social network analysis approach. Comput. Educ. 2021, 166, 104120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hulleman, C.S.; Harackiewicz, J.M. Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes. Science 2009, 326, 1410–1412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yoder, R.J.; Bobbitt-Zeher, D.; Sawicki, V. Understanding the Use of Student-Centered Teaching Methods in Undergraduate Chemistry Courses. Res. Sci. Educ. 2021, 51, 845–863. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Laine, E.; Veermans, M.; Gegenfurtner, A.; Veermans, K. Individual interest and learning in secondary school STEM education. FLR 2020, 8, 90–108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rotgans, J.I.; Schmidt, H.G. How individual interest influences situational interest and how both are related to knowledge acquisition: A microanalytical investigation. J. Educ. Res. 2018, 111, 530–540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roscoe, J.T. Fundamental Research Statistics for the Behavioural Sciences, 2nd ed.; Holt Rinehart & Winston: New York, NY, USA, 1975. [Google Scholar]
- Moore, D.S.; Notz, W.I.; Flinger, M. The Basic Practice of Statistics, 8th ed.; Macmillan Learning: Boston, MA, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Livote, E.E.; Wyka, K.E. Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling Using SPSS and AMOS. Niels, J. Blunch. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2008, 270 pages, $39.95. Struct. Equ. Modeling A Multidiscip. J. 2009, 16, 556–560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kline, R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling; Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA, 2016; ISBN 9781462523368. [Google Scholar]
- Kaiser, H.F. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 1974, 39, 31–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bland, J.M.; Altman, D.G. Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ 1997, 314, 572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Streiner, D.L. Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J. Pers. Assess. 2003, 80, 99–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Braun, T.; Dierkes, P. Connecting students to nature—How intensity of nature experience and student age influence the success of outdoor education programs. Environ. Educ. Res. 2017, 23, 937–949. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roczen, N.; Kaiser, F.G.; Bogner, F.X.; Wilson, M. A Competence Model for Environmental Education. Environ. Behav. 2014, 46, 972–992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dohn, N.B. Upper Secondary Students’ Situational Interest: A case study of the role of a zoo visit in a biology class. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2013, 35, 2732–2751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Quibell, T.; Charlton, J.; Law, J. Wilderness Schooling: A controlled trial of the impact of an outdoor education programme on attainment outcomes in primary school pupils. Br. Educ. Res. J. 2017, 43, 572–587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Senkbeil, M. Development and validation of the ICT motivation scale for young adolescents. Results of the international school assessment study ICILS 2013 in Germany. Learn. Individ. Differ. 2018, 67, 167–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dadds, M.R.; Perrin, S.; Yule, W. Social desirability and self-reported anxiety in children: An analysis of the RCMAS Lie scale. J. Abnorm. Child Psychol. 1998, 26, 311–317. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Poloski Vokic, N.; Vidovic, M. Managing internal digital publics: What matters is digital age not digital nativity. Public Relat. Rev. 2015, 41, 232–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Naci Çoklar, A.; Tatli, A. Examining the Digital Nativity Levels of Digital Generations: From Generation X to Generation, Z. Education 2021, 9, 433–434. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fortunati, L.; Taipale, S.; de Luca, F. Digital generations, but not as we know them. Convergence 2019, 25, 95–112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Schönfelder, M.L.; Bogner, F.X. Between Science Education and Environmental Education: How Science Motivation Relates to Environmental Values. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1968. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baierl, T.-M.; Johnson, B.; Bogner, F.X. Assessing Environmental Attitudes and Cognitive Achievement within 9 Years of Informal Earth Education. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, C.-Y.; Wu, C.-J.; Wong, W.-K.; Lien, Y.-W.; Chao, T.-K. Scientific modeling with mobile devices in high school physics labs. Comput. Educ. 2017, 105, 44–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Osman, K.; Lay, A.N. MyKimDG module: An interactive platform towards development of twenty-first century skills and improvement of students’ knowledge in chemistry. Interact. Learn. Environ. 2020, 28, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Paulsen, C.A.; Andrews, J.R. Using Screen Time to Promote Green Time: Outdoor STEM Education in OST Settings. Afterschool Matters 2019, 30, 24–32. [Google Scholar]
- Son, J.S.; Mackenzie, S.H.; Eitel, K.; Luvaas, E. Engaging youth in physical activity and STEM subjects through outdoor adventure education. J. Outdoor Environ. Educ. 2017, 20, 32–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sarı, U.; Alıcı, M.; Şen, Ö. The Effect of STEM Instruction on Attitude, Career Perception and Career Interest in a Problem-Based Learning Environment and Student Opinions. Electron. J. Sci. Educ. 2018, 22, 1–21. [Google Scholar]
- Meluso, A.; Zheng, M.; Spires, H.A.; Lester, J. Enhancing 5th graders’ science content knowledge and self-efficacy through game-based learning. Comput. Educ. 2012, 59, 497–504. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glowinski, I.; Bayrhuber, H. Student Labs on a University Campus as a Type of Out-of-School Learning Environment: Assessing the Potential to Promote Students’ Interest in Science. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Educ. 2011, 6, 371–392. [Google Scholar]
- Mohammadyari, S.; Singh, H. Understanding the effect of e-learning on individual performance: The role of digital literacy. Comput. Educ. 2015, 82, 11–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taub, M.; Sawyer, R.; Smith, A.; Rowe, J.; Azevedo, R.; Lester, J. The agency effect: The impact of student agency on learning, emotions, and problem-solving behaviors in a game-based learning environment. Comput. Educ. 2020, 147, 103781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chatterjee, S. Regression Analysis by Example, 5th ed.; John Wiley & Sons Incorporated: Somerset, UK, 2012; ISBN 9781118456248. [Google Scholar]
Teaching Content | Control Group | Exp. Group |
---|---|---|
introduction “Save the Bees” | 9 a.m.–12 p.m. | Week 1 |
plant characteristics | ||
plant identification | ||
biotic factors | ||
abiotic factors | ||
characteristics of pastures | 1 p.m.–3 p.m. | Week 2 |
term “sustainability” | ||
sustainable dimensions of agriculture | ||
traditional vs. sustainable agriculture | ||
sustainable actions |
Item | Factor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 = Tech | 2 = Graphics | 3 = Multi | 4 = Rewards | |
T2 | 0.815 | |||
T1 | 0.787 | |||
T4 | 0.705 | |||
T5 | 0.660 | 0.253 | ||
T3 | 0.509 | |||
G4 | 0.724 | |||
G2 | 0.684 | |||
G5 | 0.679 | 0.271 | ||
G3 | 0.616 | |||
G1 | 0.253 | |||
M4 | 0.767 | |||
M6 | 0.596 | |||
M2 | 0.467 | |||
M3 | 0.422 | |||
M5 | 0.410 | |||
R5 | −0.257 | 0.204 | ||
R2 | 0.695 | |||
R3 | 0.682 | |||
R4 | 0.586 | |||
R1 | 0.385 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Fiedler, S.T.; Heyne, T.; Bogner, F.X. Closing the Gap: Potentials of ESE Distance Teaching. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8330. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148330
Fiedler ST, Heyne T, Bogner FX. Closing the Gap: Potentials of ESE Distance Teaching. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8330. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148330
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiedler, Sonja T., Thomas Heyne, and Franz X. Bogner. 2022. "Closing the Gap: Potentials of ESE Distance Teaching" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8330. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148330