Exploring the Driving Factors Influencing Designers to Implement Green Design Practices Based on the DANP Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Developing an indicator system to measure the forces motivating designers to implement green practices.
- (2)
- Clarifying the causal influence relationships between dimensions.
- (3)
- Obtaining the weights of the dimensions and indicators.
2. Literature Review
2.1. Enterprises’ Green Practice
2.2. The Driving Force of Green Design
2.3. Evaluation Framework
3. Methodology
4. Analysis Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
C11 | C12 | C13 | C14 | C15 | C21 | C22 | C23 | C31 | C32 | C33 | C34 | C35 | C41 | C42 | C43 | C44 | C45 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C11 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 3.30 | 2.10 | 3.50 | 3.20 | 2.70 | 2.90 | 3.30 | 2.70 | 2.80 | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.30 | 1.60 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 2.90 |
C12 | 2.80 | 0.00 | 2.80 | 3.30 | 2.70 | 2.60 | 2.40 | 2.00 | 2.80 | 2.90 | 3.20 | 3.10 | 2.90 | 1.50 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 1.50 | 2.00 |
C13 | 2.50 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 2.40 | 2.30 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 2.80 | 2.30 | 2.60 | 1.90 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 1.80 | 2.20 |
C14 | 1.70 | 2.90 | 2.20 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 1.90 | 1.60 | 2.60 | 3.10 | 3.10 | 3.00 | 3.30 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 2.40 | 1.80 | 1.70 |
C15 | 2.00 | 1.60 | 2.10 | 2.30 | 0.00 | 2.70 | 2.90 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 2.00 | 2.30 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 2.00 |
C21 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 1.60 | 1.70 | 2.70 | 0.00 | 2.90 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 2.10 | 1.60 | 1.70 | 1.90 | 1.30 | 2.10 |
C22 | 1.40 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.80 | 2.70 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 2.10 | 2.60 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.20 | 2.40 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 2.10 | 1.50 | 1.80 |
C23 | 1.40 | 1.70 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 2.60 | 0.00 | 2.80 | 2.30 | 2.60 | 2.50 | 2.20 | 1.40 | 1.60 | 2.00 | 2.30 | 1.70 |
C31 | 2.10 | 2.60 | 2.20 | 2.40 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 2.50 | 2.50 | 0.00 | 3.60 | 3.30 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 1.90 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 1.30 | 2.00 |
C32 | 1.50 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.90 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.70 | 3.30 | 0.00 | 3.60 | 3.20 | 3.20 | 1.80 | 2.30 | 2.50 | 1.10 | 1.80 |
C33 | 2.20 | 2.70 | 2.60 | 3.10 | 2.10 | 2.44 | 2.00 | 2.50 | 3.00 | 3.20 | 0.00 | 3.20 | 3.20 | 2.10 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 1.40 | 1.50 |
C34 | 1.30 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 2.30 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 0.00 | 2.10 | 1.70 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.40 | 1.50 |
C35 | 1.80 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.90 | 1.90 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 3.00 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 0.00 | 1.90 | 2.70 | 2.10 | 2.00 | 1.60 |
C41 | 1.20 | 1.80 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.20 | 2.00 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.50 | 2.70 | 2.60 | 2.70 | 0.00 | 3.20 | 3.10 | 2.50 | 2.60 |
C42 | 1.10 | 2.00 | 2.10 | 2.80 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.70 | 2.50 | 2.60 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 2.80 | 3.20 | 2.20 | 0.00 | 2.90 | 2.40 | 1.80 |
C43 | 1.20 | 1.90 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.90 | 1.80 | 1.90 | 2.50 | 2.60 | 2.20 | 2.40 | 2.40 | 2.90 | 2.50 | 2.60 | 0.00 | 2.50 | 2.00 |
C44 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 2.20 | 2.40 | 1.80 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 2.10 | 1.80 | 1.70 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.90 | 2.00 | 2.20 | 2.30 | 0.00 | 1.90 |
C45 | 2.70 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.10 | 2.40 | 2.50 | 2.70 | 2.60 | 2.70 | 2.20 | 2.60 | 2.30 | 2.50 | 2.20 | 2.00 | 2.60 | 1.50 | 0.00 |
C11 | C12 | C13 | C14 | C15 | C21 | C22 | C23 | C31 | C32 | C33 | C34 | C35 | C41 | C42 | C43 | C44 | C45 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C11 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.31 |
C12 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.28 |
C13 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.27 |
C14 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.26 |
C15 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
C21 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.19 | 0.23 |
C22 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
C23 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.22 | 0.23 |
C31 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.27 |
C32 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.37 | 0.30 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.23 | 0.26 |
C33 | 0.26 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.27 |
C34 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.25 | 0.19 | 0.21 |
C35 | 0.24 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.26 |
C41 | 0.23 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.27 |
C42 | 0.22 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.37 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.26 |
C43 | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.25 |
C44 | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.22 |
C45 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.22 |
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Dimensions | Criteria | Explanation |
---|---|---|
External motivation (D1) | Government policy (C11) | The government formulates relevant green design policies to encourage enterprises to implement green design strategies. |
Market demand (C12) | Adopting sustainable green design can improve product competitiveness and market share. | |
Public recognition (C13) | Consumers’ conception of green consumption has been significantly improved, and they tend to buy products with green design attributes. | |
Design trends (C14) | Designers have increased their green design awareness and green design capabilities, and green design has become a design idea and design method to which the design industry has paid a great deal of attention. | |
Industry organizational support (C15) | The promotion and support of green design by associations, societies and other industry organizations and the recognition of green design via design awards. | |
Corporate-level drivers (D2) | Organizational strategy (C21) | The enterprise establishes a certain organizational structure and uses a systematic method to promote the implementation of green design within the enterprise. |
Institutional pressure (C22) | The incorporation of the implementation of green design into project evaluation indicators. | |
Corporate reputation (C23) | Green design can enhance a company’s industry and social influence. | |
Product-level drivers (D3) | Manufacturing process and surface treatment process (C31) | The manufacturing process and surface treatment process meets relevant environmental protection requirements and qualify as green manufacturing processes. |
Product standards (C32) | Products comply with market environmental standards and green design standards. | |
Green materials and technology (C33) | The use of environmentally friendly materials and technologies comply with relevant environmental requirements and green manufacturing processes. | |
Package design (C34) | The packaging uses environmentally friendly materials and technologies to reduce transportation and storage costs and to facilitate recycling. | |
Overall design plan (C35) | The overall design is scientific, standardized and green. | |
Designer’s attributes (D4) | Designers’ abilities (C41) | The accumulation of green design knowledge, methods and experience to enhance green design capabilities. |
Personal norms and attitudes (C42) | Recognition of green design ideas and concepts and mastery of green design standards. | |
Interpersonal relationships (C43) | Designers extensively exchange green design concepts, methods, experiences, etc. | |
Legal awareness (C44) | Compliance with corresponding green specifications and environmental protection standards of national and international regulations. | |
Educational background (C45) | The designer’s level of education and knowledge of theories and methods related to green design. |
Interviewees | Working Experience (Years) | Work Organization | Recently Involved Project |
---|---|---|---|
Design director | 16 | Vehicle design | Vehicle–road digital collaboration project |
Design director | 17 | Robot education design | Kids’ coding project |
Design director | 12 | Bathroom design | Smart toilet project |
Design director | 16 | Consumer electronics design | Wireless Bluetooth headset project |
Design director | 15 | Consumer electronics design | Bicycle smart riding wear project |
Design director | 15 | Health technology | Smart seat project |
Design director | 14 | Smart manufacturing | Intelligent file management cabinet project |
Design director | 8 | Cultural innovation | Stone tea tray design project |
Design director | 11 | Home manufacturing | Bamboo tea table design project |
Design director | 21 | Cultural innovation | Ceramic tea set items |
Dimensions | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.28 |
D2 | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.24 |
D3 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.27 |
D4 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.33 | 0.26 |
Dimensions | ri | ci | ri + ci | ri − ci | Criteria | ri | ci | ri + ci | ri − ci |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 1.26 | 1.12 | 2.37 | 0.14 | C11 | 6.12 | 4.12 | 10.24 | 2.00 |
C12 | 5.93 | 5.14 | 11.07 | 0.79 | |||||
C13 | 5.60 | 5.19 | 10.79 | 0.40 | |||||
C14 | 5.62 | 5.70 | 11.32 | 0.08 | |||||
C15 | 5.01 | 5.21 | 10.21 | −0.20 | |||||
D2 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 2.23 | −0.11 | C21 | 4.60 | 5.30 | 9.90 | −0.70 |
C22 | 4.82 | 5.22 | 10.04 | −0.40 | |||||
C23 | 4.88 | 5.46 | 10.34 | −0.58 | |||||
D3 | 1.21 | 1.35 | 2.56 | −0.15 | C31 | 5.67 | 6.12 | 11.79 | −0.45 |
C32 | 5.62 | 6.05 | 11.67 | −0.43 | |||||
C33 | 5.81 | 6.30 | 12.12 | −0.49 | |||||
C34 | 4.47 | 6.08 | 10.54 | −1.61 | |||||
C35 | 5.58 | 6.22 | 11.80 | −0.64 | |||||
D4 | 1.15 | 1.04 | 2.19 | 0.12 | C41 | 5.48 | 4.52 | 10.01 | 0.96 |
C42 | 5.43 | 5.11 | 10.55 | 0.32 | |||||
C43 | 5.14 | 5.30 | 10.44 | −0.17 | |||||
C44 | 4.39 | 4.10 | 8.48 | 0.29 | |||||
C45 | 5.52 | 4.53 | 10.05 | 0.98 |
Dimensions | Local Weight | Ranking | Criteria | Local Weight | Ranking | Global Weight | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 0.239 | 3 | C11 | 0.163 | 5 | 0.039 | 17 |
C12 | 0.202 | 4 | 0.048 | 13 | |||
C13 | 0.204 | 3 | 0.049 | 12 | |||
C14 | 0.225 | 1 | 0.054 | 9 | |||
C15 | 0.206 | 2 | 0.049 | 11 | |||
D2 | 0.250 | 2 | C21 | 0.332 | 2 | 0.083 | 2 |
C22 | 0.327 | 3 | 0.082 | 3 | |||
C23 | 0.341 | 1 | 0.085 | 1 | |||
D3 | 0.289 | 1 | C31 | 0.198 | 4 | 0.057 | 7 |
C32 | 0.201 | 2 | 0.058 | 5 | |||
C33 | 0.209 | 1 | 0.061 | 4 | |||
C34 | 0.193 | 5 | 0.056 | 8 | |||
C35 | 0.199 | 3 | 0.058 | 6 | |||
D4 | 0.222 | 4 | C41 | 0.192 | 4 | 0.043 | 16 |
C42 | 0.217 | 2 | 0.048 | 14 | |||
C43 | 0.225 | 1 | 0.050 | 10 | |||
C44 | 0.174 | 5 | 0.039 | 18 | |||
C45 | 0.193 | 3 | 0.043 | 15 |
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Wang, G.; Shao, Q.; Jiang, C.; Liou, J.J.H. Exploring the Driving Factors Influencing Designers to Implement Green Design Practices Based on the DANP Model. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116537
Wang G, Shao Q, Jiang C, Liou JJH. Exploring the Driving Factors Influencing Designers to Implement Green Design Practices Based on the DANP Model. Sustainability. 2022; 14(11):6537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116537
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Gang, Qigan Shao, Changchang Jiang, and James J. H. Liou. 2022. "Exploring the Driving Factors Influencing Designers to Implement Green Design Practices Based on the DANP Model" Sustainability 14, no. 11: 6537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116537