Perceptions of Green User Entrepreneurs’ Performance—Is Sustainability an Asset or a Liability for Innovators?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Development
2.1. User Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2.2. The Role of Consumers’ Support for User Entrepreneurs
2.3. The Sustainability Liability in Performance Perception
3. Methodology
4. Results
4.1. Manipulation Checks
4.2. Test of Hypotheses
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. User Innovator Profiles
Appendix B
Construct | Source | Item(s) | Scale | Reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perception of product performance | Chernev and Blair [21] | How well do you believe Cleanse will perform as a laundry detergent? | 1 = Very poorly, 9 = Very well | n.a. |
Perceptions of user innovator performance | van Dyck et al. [27] | (a) To what extent will James’ business achieve its most important goals? (b) How successful will James’ business be in comparison to other companies in the same line of industry and of (about) the same size? | (a) 1 = Not at all, 9 = Completely; (b) 1 = Not at all successful, 9 = Extremely successful | αoverall = 0.90 |
αlaundry = 0.89 | ||||
αbug spray = 0.92 | ||||
αsunscreen = 0.89 | ||||
αair conditioner = 0.88 | ||||
Perception of product sustainability | Chernev and Blair [21] | (a) The new product is more environmentally friendly than the average product in the product category. (b) The new product is better for society than the average product in the product category. | 1 = Strongly disagree, 9 = Strongly agree | αoverall = 0.89 |
αlaundry = 0.95 | ||||
αbug spray = 0.89 | ||||
αsunscreen = 0.85 | ||||
αair conditioner = 0.87 | ||||
Environmental values | Chernev and Blair [21] | (a) It is important to me that the products I use do not harm the environment. (b) I think companies should be doing more to ensure their products are sustainable. | 1 = Strongly disagree, 9 = Strongly agree | α = 0.77 |
Proactive personality | Bateman and Crant [28]; see also Kickuhl and Gundry [34] | (a) I enjoy facing and overcoming obstacles to my ideas. (b) Nothing is more exciting than seeing my ideas turn into reality. (c) I excel at identifying opportunities. (d) I love to challenge the status quo. (e) I can spot a good opportunity long before others can. | 1 = Strongly disagree, 9 = Strongly agree | α = 0.84 |
Entrepreneurial experience | Own development | Have you ever started your own business | yes = 1, no = 0 | n.a. |
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Product Performance (a) | User Entrepreneur Performance (b) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
β | p | β | p | |
Constant | 8.68 | <0.01 | 6.68 | <0.01 |
Sustainability | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.39 | <0.01 |
Environmental values | 0.16 | <0.01 | 0.13 | <0.01 |
Sustainability × environmental values | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.02 |
Age | −0.02 | <0.01 | −0.02 | <0.01 |
Gender | −0.61 | <0.01 | −0.60 | <0.01 |
Education | −0.16 | <0.01 | −0.12 | <0.01 |
Number of children | 0.01 | 0.82 | 0.02 | 0.75 |
Proactive personality | 0.16 | <0.01 | ||
Entrepreneurial experience | 0.13 | 0.32 |
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Möller, J.; Herm, S. Perceptions of Green User Entrepreneurs’ Performance—Is Sustainability an Asset or a Liability for Innovators? Sustainability 2021, 13, 3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063580
Möller J, Herm S. Perceptions of Green User Entrepreneurs’ Performance—Is Sustainability an Asset or a Liability for Innovators? Sustainability. 2021; 13(6):3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063580
Chicago/Turabian StyleMöller, Jana, and Steffen Herm. 2021. "Perceptions of Green User Entrepreneurs’ Performance—Is Sustainability an Asset or a Liability for Innovators?" Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063580
APA StyleMöller, J., & Herm, S. (2021). Perceptions of Green User Entrepreneurs’ Performance—Is Sustainability an Asset or a Liability for Innovators? Sustainability, 13(6), 3580. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063580