Investigation on the Emission and Diffusion of Hydrogen Sulfide during Landfill Operations: A Case Study in Shenzhen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Landfill Description
2.2. Gas Flux
2.3. CALPUFF Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. H2S Emissions
3.2. Influence of Wind Speed and Wind Direction
3.3. Influence of Bare Working Area of Landfills
3.4. Influence of Landfill Height
3.5. Influence of Angle between Wind Direction and Working Area
4. Conclusions
- The concentration of the hydrogen sulfide around the landfill exceeded the olfactory threshold and ranged from 0 to 60 µg/m3 near the boundary of the landfill. When the flux of the hydrogen sulfide emissions in the working area measured by the static chamber method was input to the CALPUFF model as the initial intensity of hydrogen sulfide pollution emission source, the simulation data was consistent with the measured results, indicating that this model was suitable for the analysis of the diffusion of the hydrogen sulfide.
- The diffusion range of the hydrogen sulfide was largely on the downwind side under the influence of the wind, while the upwind direction was less affected. At a relatively uniform wind direction, the influence range of the hydrogen sulfide was limited, but it widened significantly as the wind direction changed remarkably.
- At a similar bare working area of the landfill, wind speed, and wind direction, enlarging the height of the MSW dump did not considerably increase the diffusion area of the hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide declined gradually in the central area of the working area but rose in the surrounding area.
- When the angle between the long side of the working area and the wind direction was 0°, the hydrogen sulfide largely diffused along the extension cord of the long side of the working area. Additionally, the influence range of the hydrogen sulfide noticeably extended, especially to the areas on both sides of the working area, when the angle increased to 90°.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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He, H.; Wu, T.; Xu, H.; Lu, Y.; Qiu, Z.; Wang, X.; Zhang, P. Investigation on the Emission and Diffusion of Hydrogen Sulfide during Landfill Operations: A Case Study in Shenzhen. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2886. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052886
He H, Wu T, Xu H, Lu Y, Qiu Z, Wang X, Zhang P. Investigation on the Emission and Diffusion of Hydrogen Sulfide during Landfill Operations: A Case Study in Shenzhen. Sustainability. 2021; 13(5):2886. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052886
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Haijie, Tao Wu, Hui Xu, Yuhua Lu, Zhanhong Qiu, Xiaogang Wang, and Pan Zhang. 2021. "Investigation on the Emission and Diffusion of Hydrogen Sulfide during Landfill Operations: A Case Study in Shenzhen" Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2886. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052886