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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 22
10.3390/su132212333
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Article

Alternatives for Circular Bioeconomy in Organic Farming under Excessive Nutrients (Goat manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): A Case Study in Indonesia

by
Ari Kurniawati
1,2,*,
Ratna Dwi Hirma Windriyati
2,
Nur Kholida Wulansari
2,
Gergely Toth
3,4 and
Zoltan Toth
5
1
Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Campus, Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
2
Study Program of Agrotechnology, Nahdlatul Ulama University of Purwokerto, Purwokerto 53145, Indonesia
3
Institute of Advanced Studies, 9730 Kőszeg, Hungary
4
Institute for Soil Sciences, Agricultural Research Centre, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
5
Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Keszthely, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(22), 12333; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212333
Submission received: 21 September 2021 / Revised: 23 October 2021 / Accepted: 3 November 2021 / Published: 9 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Circular Economy and Sustainable Strategies)
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Abstract

A case study in Indonesia of circular bioeconomy implementation was investigated by managing livestock wastes, especially goat manure (GM), which an excess of its availability may be adverse to the environment. The efficacy of this scenario to control pollution or to increase productivity still needs to be proven. Hence, this research aimed to study the possibility of circular bioeconomy implementation using biotic and abiotic resources in Indonesia under excessive nutrients (GM and mycorrhizal) on P. angulata production. Outdoor factorial container experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design in Central Java, Indonesia. Treatments included four levels of GM (0, 10, 20, 30 g plant−1) and four levels of mycorrhizal (0, 10, 20, 30 g plant−1) applied in the soil with six replications. This case study revealed that the use of mycorrhizal inoculant and GM indicated no significant difference to most of P. angulata’s growth and yield parameters. The implementation of circular bioeconomy through integrated farming of P. angulata was not an instant solution for economic and environmental optimization, but can be considered as a way to tackle environmental problem due to the excessive livestock wastes. The environmental sustainability can be achieved step by step, without hindering farmers’ income.
Keywords: sustainable agriculture; Physalis angulata; integrated farming; phosphorus content sustainable agriculture; Physalis angulata; integrated farming; phosphorus content

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kurniawati, A.; Windriyati, R.D.H.; Wulansari, N.K.; Toth, G.; Toth, Z. Alternatives for Circular Bioeconomy in Organic Farming under Excessive Nutrients (Goat manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): A Case Study in Indonesia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212333

AMA Style

Kurniawati A, Windriyati RDH, Wulansari NK, Toth G, Toth Z. Alternatives for Circular Bioeconomy in Organic Farming under Excessive Nutrients (Goat manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): A Case Study in Indonesia. Sustainability. 2021; 13(22):12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212333

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kurniawati, Ari, Ratna Dwi Hirma Windriyati, Nur Kholida Wulansari, Gergely Toth, and Zoltan Toth. 2021. "Alternatives for Circular Bioeconomy in Organic Farming under Excessive Nutrients (Goat manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): A Case Study in Indonesia" Sustainability 13, no. 22: 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212333

APA Style

Kurniawati, A., Windriyati, R. D. H., Wulansari, N. K., Toth, G., & Toth, Z. (2021). Alternatives for Circular Bioeconomy in Organic Farming under Excessive Nutrients (Goat manure and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi): A Case Study in Indonesia. Sustainability, 13(22), 12333. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212333

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