Not All Demands Are Exhausted for Healthcare Workers. A Cross-Lagged Study on the Buffering Effect of Leadership Resources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Effects of Quantitative and Emotional Demands on Exhaustion among Healthcare Workers
1.2. Moderating Effect of Leadership
1.3. The Aim of Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measurement
2.3. Analytical Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Models | Χ2 | df | RMSEA | PClose | 90 LLCI | 90 ULCI | SRMR | TLI | GFI | CFI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Job demand—Measurement 1 | 344.456 | 40 | 0.070 | 0.000 | 0.063 | 0.077 | 0.0507 | 0.918 | 0.961 | 0.940 |
Job demand—Measurement 2 | 241.387 | 40 | 0.067 | 0.000 | 0.059 | 0.075 | 0.0552 | 0.924 | 0.961 | 0.945 |
Leadership resources—Measurement 1 | 150.337 | 19 | 0.066 | 0.000 | 0.057 | 0.076 | 0.0311 | 0.968 | 0.976 | 0.978 |
Leadership resources—Measurement 2 | 165.250 | 19 | 0.081 | 0.000 | 0.070 | 0.093 | 0.0426 | 0.954 | 0.964 | 0.969 |
Exhaustion—Measurement 1 | 330.281 | 16 | 0.110 | 0.000 | 0.100 | 0.121 | 0.0749 | 0.860 | 0.954 | 0.920 |
Exhaustion—Measurement 2 | 252.283 | 16 | 0.116 | 0.000 | 0.104 | 0.129 | 0.0785 | 0.851 | 0.948 | 0.915 |
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Measurement 1 | Measurement 2 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | SKE | KUR | M | SD | SKE | KUR | t | p | d | |
(EX) Exhaustion | 2.18 | 0.51 | −0.383 | −0.300 | 2.13 | 0.49 | −0.326 | −0.049 | 2.968 | 0.003 | 0.095 |
(QL) Quality of leadership | 60.81 | 20.36 | −0.208 | 0.096 | 64.38 | 19.57 | −0.143 | 0.015 | 5.431 | <0.001 | 0.179 |
(TM) Trust in management | 61.56 | 16.12 | 0.006 | 0.413 | 64.41 | 17.35 | 0.002 | −0.390 | 5.233 | <0.001 | 0.170 |
(QD) Quantitative demands | 35.01 | 16.81 | 0.179 | −0.146 | 33.30 | 16.93 | −0.034 | −0.544 | 3.014 | 0.003 | 0.101 |
(ED) Emotional demands | 62.45 | 21.26 | −0.344 | −0.357 | 60.57 | 21.79 | −0.273 | −0.393 | 2.920 | 0.004 | 0.087 |
(HE) Hiding emotions demands | 58.98 | 21.58 | −0.226 | −0.313 | 59.54 | 21.10 | −0.101 | −0.349 | 0.808 | 0.419 | 0.026 |
Measurement 1 | Measurement 2 | |
---|---|---|
Exhaustion (EX1) | Exhaustion (EX2) | |
(QL) Quality of leadership | −0.313 ** | −0.347 ** |
(TM) Trust in management | −0.370 ** | −0.399 ** |
(QD) Quantitative demands | 0.421 ** | 0.431 ** |
(ED) Emotional demands | 0.024 | 0.021 |
(HE) Hiding emotions demands | 0.131 ** | 0.081 ** |
Variable | Significance of the Model | F | p | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Significance of the Interaction | ||||
(QD) quantitative demands | model | 58.0285 | <0.001 | 0.2521 |
interaction for quantitative demands | 3.8993 | 0.0485 | ||
(ED) emotional demands | model | 54.9471 | <0.001 | 0.2418 |
interaction for emotional demands | 2.1513 | 0.1427 | ||
(HE) hiding emotions demands | model | 54.4765 | <0.001 | 0.2405 |
interaction for hiding emotions demands | 0.4685 | 0.4938 |
Moderator 1 | Moderator 2 | SE | p | LLCI | ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(QL) Quality of Leadership | (TM) Trust in Management | ||||
(QL) M − 1SD | (TM) M − 1SD | 0.0812 | 0.0422 | 0.0029 | 0.1596 |
(QL) M − 1SD | (TM) M | 0.1408 | 0.0005 | 0.0622 | 0.2194 |
(QL) M − 1SD | (TM) M + 1SD | 0.2004 | 0.0022 | 0.0720 | 0.3288 |
(QL) M | (TM) M − 1SD | 0.1078 | 0.0114 | 0.0243 | 0.1913 |
(QL) M | (TM) M | 0.1299 | 0.0000 | 0.0748 | 0.1851 |
(QL) M | (TM) M + 1SD | 0.1521 | 0.0002 | 0.0735 | 0.2306 |
(QL) M + 1SD | (TM) M − 1SD | 0.1344 | 0.0389 | 0.0069 | 0.2618 |
(QL) M + 1SD | (TM) M | 0.1190 | 0.0048 | 0.0365 | 0.2016 |
(QL) M + 1SD | (TM) M + 1SD | 0.1037 | 0.0138 | 0.0212 | 0.1863 |
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Baka, Ł.; Ścigała, D.; Grala, K. Not All Demands Are Exhausted for Healthcare Workers. A Cross-Lagged Study on the Buffering Effect of Leadership Resources. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910623
Baka Ł, Ścigała D, Grala K. Not All Demands Are Exhausted for Healthcare Workers. A Cross-Lagged Study on the Buffering Effect of Leadership Resources. Sustainability. 2021; 13(19):10623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910623
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaka, Łukasz, Dawid Ścigała, and Krzysztof Grala. 2021. "Not All Demands Are Exhausted for Healthcare Workers. A Cross-Lagged Study on the Buffering Effect of Leadership Resources" Sustainability 13, no. 19: 10623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910623