Is There Coupling Effect between Financial Support and Improvement of Human Settlement? A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Reviews
3. Material and Methods
3.1. Data Source
3.2. Indicators Selection
3.3. Research Methods
3.3.1. Entropy Method
3.3.2. Coupling Coordination Model
3.3.3. Spatial Autocorrelation Model
3.4. Coupling Characteristics Classification
3.4.1. Types of Coupling
3.4.2. Types of Coupling and Coordination
4. Result Analysis
4.1. Analysis of Coupling Degree and Its Type Evolution Characteristics
4.2. Analysis of Coordination Degree and Its Type Evolution Characteristics
4.3. Analysis of Provincial Spatial Autocorrelation and Its Type Evolution
5. Results Discussion
6. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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System Indicators | Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Unit | Literature Basis |
---|---|---|---|---|
financial support | Fiscal expenditure | Medical hygiene (X1) | 100 million yuan | Tang and Nie (2016) [33] |
Energy saving and environmental protection expenditure (X2) | Zhi and Liang (2018) [34] | |||
Urban and rural community expenditure (X3) | Qian et al. (2017) [35] | |||
House insurance (X4) | Qian et al. (2017) [35] | |||
Financial institution loan | Water conservancy, environment and public facilities management (X5) | Zhang et al. (2011) [36] | ||
Resident services, repairs and other service industries (X6) | Zheng (2020) [37] | |||
Health and social work (X7) | Qian et al. (2017) [35] | |||
Transportation and Post (X8) | Zhang et al. (2011) [36] | |||
improvement of human settlement | infrastructure | Hospital beds per 1000 people (Y1) | Zhu et al. (2010) [38] | |
Average number of students in colleges and universities per 100,000 population (Y2) | Wei et al. (2020) [39] | |||
Road area per capita (Y3) | m2 | Cui et al. (2019) [40] | ||
Number of buses per 10,000 people (Y4) | Li et al. (2012) [41] | |||
ecosystem | Public green area per capita (Y5) | m2 | Wang et al. (2017) [42] | |
Harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste (Y6) | % | Peng et al. (2021) [43] | ||
living conditions | Water penetration rate (Y7) | % | Zhu et al. (2010) [38] | |
Gas penetration rate (Y8) | % | Zhu et al. (2015) [44] | ||
Domestic waste treatment rate (Y9) | % | Peng et al. (2021) [43] |
Type | Content | |
---|---|---|
0.8 < C ≤1 | Superior coupling | Fully related and mostly based on positive promotion |
0.5 < C ≤ 0.8 | Benign coupling | Has entered a coupling process |
0.3 < C ≤ 0.5 | Moderate coupling | There is a trend of positive correlation, the interaction between the two is getting closer |
0 ≤ C ≤ 0.3 | Low coupling | The degree of association is not high, the overall chaos is disordered |
Type | Content | |
---|---|---|
0.7 < D ≤ 1 | Superior balanced development(Ⅰ) | Enter the stage of coordinated development |
0.5 < D ≤ 0.7 | Barely balanced development(Ⅱ) | Basic coordination, the overall coordination is optimized |
0.3 < D ≤ 0.5 | Slightly unbalanced development(Ⅲ) | overall coordination is poor |
0 < D ≤ 0.3 | Seriously unbalanced development(Ⅳ) | Interaction is chaotic |
Year | Moran’s I | E(I) | Z |
---|---|---|---|
2005 | 0.2515 | −0.1667 | 2.9363 |
2009 | 0.2061 | −0.1667 | 2.0524 |
2014 | 0.2090 | −0.1667 | 2.7159 |
2018 | 0.2701 | −0.1667 | 3.3641 |
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Yan, W.; Peng, B.; Wei, G.; Wan, A. Is There Coupling Effect between Financial Support and Improvement of Human Settlement? A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River, China. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158131
Yan W, Peng B, Wei G, Wan A. Is There Coupling Effect between Financial Support and Improvement of Human Settlement? A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River, China. Sustainability. 2021; 13(15):8131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158131
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Weimin, Benhong Peng, Guo Wei, and Anxia Wan. 2021. "Is There Coupling Effect between Financial Support and Improvement of Human Settlement? A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River, China" Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158131
APA StyleYan, W., Peng, B., Wei, G., & Wan, A. (2021). Is There Coupling Effect between Financial Support and Improvement of Human Settlement? A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Regions of the Yangtze River, China. Sustainability, 13(15), 8131. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158131