Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- What are the home textile handling strategies of IKEA’s customers in Sweden?
- What factors influence how IKEA’s Swedish customers handle home textiles?
2. Literature Review
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Survey
3.2. Logistic Regression
3.3. Interviews
Interview Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Findings from the Survey
4.2. Regression Results
4.3. Interview Findings
5. Discussion
Managerial and Policy Implications
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- Rugs.
- Bedroom textiles: bed linen; comforters; bedspreads; blankets and throws; pillows; mattress and pillow protectors; canopies and bed tents; sleeping bags for babies.
- Curtains and blinds.
- Fabrics.
- Cushions and cushion covers.
- Kitchen textiles: kitchen towels; aprons; pot holders and oven mitts.
- Table linen: place mats; coasters; tablecloths and runners; chair pads.
- Bathroom textiles: towels; bath mats; shower curtains.
- Items such as carpets and textiles which are integrated parts of other products, such as furniture, are not included in this questionnaire.
- 1.
- Resell refers to selling textile items directly to other people, through consignment shops, to resale or second-hand shops, through online websites, and at garage sales or flea markets.
- 2.
- Donate refers to giving away textiles to family or friends. Donating can also be done through charitable organizations, thrift stores, curbside recycling programs, retail recycling programs, online companies.
- 3.
- Reuse/store refers to using textiles for a purpose other than for which it was originally intended. For example, old sheets may be used as cleaning rags around the house.
- 4.
- Repair refers to the act of fixing the textile either by yourself or by a professional.
- 5.
- Discard refers to when textile is thrown away, abandoned, or destroyed.
Appendix A.1. Section 1
Question | Strongly disagree (1)—Disagree (2)—Neutral (3)—Agree (4)—Strongly Agree (5) | |
1 | Textile manufacturing is responsible for the release of chemical pollutants in the water. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 | Air pollution can occur during some common dye processes of textiles. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
3 | The manufacturing process is highly water-intensive. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
4 | All kinds of textiles are recyclable. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
5 | Disposing of home textiles in a responsible way does not help with the reduction of raw materials use for new products. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
Appendix A.2. Section 2
Question | Strongly disagree (1)—Disagree (2)—Neutral (3)—Agree (4)—Strongly Agree (5) | |
1 | It is very important for me to donate my home textiles to charity for people in need. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 | I often reuse home textiles for other purposes for economic reasons. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
3 | I don’t reuse home textiles because it is a hassle to me. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
4 | I sell most of my home textiles for economic reasons. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
5 | I donate my home textiles to charity to do my part in decreasing the environmental problems. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
6 | I reuse home textiles because it can significantly benefit the environment. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
7 | It is time-consuming to donate my home textiles to charity. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
8 | To reduce environmental problems, I sell my unwanted home textile rather than throwing it away. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
9 | I try to repair my old home textiles because throwing away can significantly contribute to environmental problems. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
10 | I find it convenient to throw away unwanted home textiles. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
11 | I never reuse home textiles because I don’t know how to. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
12 | I never repair home textiles because I don’t know how to. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
Appendix A.3. Section 3
Question | Strongly disagree (1)—Disagree (2)—Neutral (3)—Agree (4)—Strongly Agree (5) | |
1 | Reselling, donating, and reusing home textiles are good ideas. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 | I am willing to spend time to resell, donate, and reuse my old home textiles. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
3 | More information about ways to resell, donate, and reuse home textiles should be made available by authorities to influence norms. 1 | 1 2 3 4 5 |
4 | Reselling, donating, and reusing home textiles are more trouble than they are worth. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
5 | People should be encouraged to resell, donate, and reuse home textiles. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
Appendix A.4. Section 4
Question | Strongly disagree (1)—Disagree (2)—Neutral (3)—Agree (4)—Strongly Agree (5) | |
1 | People important to me think that I should resell, donate, or reuse home textiles. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 | Generally speaking, I want to do what my friends think I should do. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
Appendix A.5. Section 5
Question | Strongly disagree (1)—Disagree (2)—Neutral (3)—Agree (4)—Strongly Agree (5) | |
1 | I intend to resell my used home textiles to others directly or through a retailer. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
2 | I intend to donate my used home textiles to a charitable organization or cause. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
3 | I intend to reuse my used home textiles for other purposes. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
4 | I intend to repair my home textiles when damaged. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
5 | I intend to throw my used home textiles in the trash. | 1 2 3 4 5 |
Appendix A.6. Section 6
Resell | Donate | Reuse/store | Repair | Discard | ||
1 | Your bedlinens have a hole. | |||||
2 | The curtains in the living room are in good condition but you want to change them. | |||||
3 | The tablecloth has a stain that doesn’t go away. | |||||
4 | The colour of the chair pads in the kitchen is faded. | |||||
5 | There are towels taking space in the cupboard that have never been used. | |||||
6 | The furniture in the bedroom has been changed and you need to get rid of the old pillow covers and blankets. |
Appendix A.7. Section 7: Demographic Information (almost done!)
- Gender:
- ○
- Male
- ○
- Female
- ○
- I prefer to not answer
- Age:
- ○
- 18–25
- ○
- 26–35
- ○
- 36–45
- ○
- 46–55
- ○
- 56–65
- ○
- Over 65
- Nationality: ____________
- Number of adults living in the house: ____
- Number of children living in the house: ____
- Education level (accomplished):
- ○
- Middle School.
- ○
- High School.
- ○
- Bachelor Degree.
- ○
- Master Degreed.
- ○
- PhD.
- ○
- Other: ___________
- Monthly disposable Income (SEK):
- ○
- < 5.000
- ○
- 5.000–10.000
- ○
- 10.000–20.000
- ○
- 20.000–30.000
- ○
- 30.000–40.000
- ○
- 40.000–50.000
- ○
- >50.000
- ○
- I have no personal income, but I share a household income.
- ○
- I prefer not to answer
Appendix B
- Where are you from? Where do you live?
- What is your occupation?
- Who do you live with?
- How do you get around?
- Do you feel that you have enough space at home? (we are looking for how they live and how they perceive their space of living…).
- Do you see textiles as something valuable? (if they see only a functional value or also some emotional).
- What do you do with textiles you no longer use?
- What kind of textiles do you think of?
- When do you sort textiles? When would you like to do it?
- What would you like to do with your used (home) textiles?
- What is stopping you?
- How do you feel after sorting/recycling (textile)?
- How would you like to feel?
- What is a sustainable lifestyle for you?
- What do you think when you hear the word “sustainable” or sustainable life at home”?
- What do you throw away in your regular bin?
- What do you not sort today?
- Is there anything in your home that you do not sort?
- Is there anything that you (would) like to sort?
- What is important for you when you get new things recently?
- When do you get new things?
- How often would you say that you get new things recently? (estimate)
- Who is responsible for taking care of textiles (that you no longer use)?
- What is your responsibility?
- Who do you think should be responsible for reducing waste in home textiles and why?
- If you knew that…. would you act differently?
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Construct | Included item(s) |
---|---|
Economic reasons (ER) Prosocial behaviour (PS) Environmental concerns and awareness (EC) | ER1: I often reuse/resell/repair/discard/donate home textiles for economic reasons PS1: It is very important for me to donate my home textiles to charity for people in need EC1: Textile manufacturing is responsible for the release of chemical pollutants in the water EC2: Air pollution can occur during some common dye processes of textiles EC3: The manufacturing process is highly water-intensive EC4: All kinds of textiles are recyclable EC5: Disposing of home textiles in a responsible way does not help with the reduction of raw materials use for new products EC6: I donate my home textiles to charity to do my part in decreasing the environmental problems EC7: I reuse home textiles because it can significantly benefit the environment EC8: To reduce environmental problems, I sell my unwanted home textile rather than throwing it away EC9: I try to repair my old home textiles because throwing away can significantly contribute to environmental problems |
Convenience, time, and situational factors (CTS) | CTS1: I reuse home textiles because it is not a hassle to me CTS2: It is not time-consuming to donate my home textiles to charity CTS3: I find it convenient to throw away unwanted home textiles CTS4: I am willing to spend time to resell, donate, and reuse my old home textiles CTS5: Reselling, donating, and reusing home textiles are not a trouble for me |
Normative issues (NI) | NI1: People important to me think that I should resell/donate/reuse home textiles NI2: People should be encouraged to resell, donate, and reuse home textiles NI3: More information about ways to resell, donate, and reuse home textiles should be made available by authorities to influence norms 1 |
Construct | Cronbach’s Alpha | Interitem correlation |
---|---|---|
Environmental Concerns (EC) | 0.68 | 0.24–0.48 |
Convenience, Time, and Situational factors (CTS) | 0.73 | 0.35–0.45 |
Normative Issues (NI) | 0.65 | 0.48 |
Disposal Situations | “Your Bed Linen A Hole.” | “The Curtains in the Living Room Are in Good Conditions but You Want to Change Them.” | “The Tablecloth Has a Stain That Doesn’t Go Away.” | “The Colour of the Chair Pads in the Kitchen is Faded.” | “There Are Towels Taking Space in the Cupboard That Have Never Being Used.” | “The Furniture in the Bedroom Has Been Changed and You Need to Get Rid of the Old Pillow Covers and Blankets.” |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reuse/store | 56.72% | 29.41% | 52.94% | 35.71% | 35.71% | 31.93% |
Repair | 22.69% | 0.42% | 2.52% | 10.92% | 0.42% | 0% |
Donate | 7.14% | 64.70% | 18.07% | 29.41% | 61.34% | 66.39% |
Resell | 0% | 21% | 2.52% | 4.20% | 15.13% | 19.33% |
Discard | 30.67% | 5.04% | 38.65% | 36.13% | 5.88% | 11.34% |
Outcome Variable Yi | −2 Log Likelihood | Overall Model Accuracy | Pseudo R2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | XER | XPS | XEC | XCTS | XNI | Cox and Snell | Nagelkerke | ||
Reuse/store | 423.557 | 455.786 (32.22) *** | 427.529 (3.97) | 432.860 (9.30) * | 442.774 (19.21) *** | 426.293 (2.73) | 51.7% | 0.32 | 0.34 |
Repair | 474.978 | 486.926 (11.94) ** | 478.560 (3.58) | 504.297 (29.31) *** | 486.781 (11.80) ** | 481.015 (6.03) | 42.9% | 0.32 | 0.33 |
Donate | 280.747 | 283.575 (2.82) | 327.360 (46.61) *** | 290.803 (10.05) ** | 296.879 (16.13) *** | 294.969 (14.22) *** | 72.7% | 0.44 | 0.51 |
Resell | 525.198 | 535.726 (10.52) ** | 533.484 (8.28) * | 535.332 (10.13) ** | 531.519 (6.32) | 535.316 (10.11) ** | 34.9% | 0.23 | 0.24 |
Discard | 459.747 | 468.064 (8.31) * | 468.517 (8.77) * | 479.296 (19.54) *** | 476.016 (16.26) *** | 463.274 (3.52) | 47.1% | 0.33 | 0.35 |
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Lehner, M.; Mont, O.; Mariani, G.; Mundaca, L. Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125030
Lehner M, Mont O, Mariani G, Mundaca L. Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125030
Chicago/Turabian StyleLehner, Matthias, Oksana Mont, Giulia Mariani, and Luis Mundaca. 2020. "Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125030
APA StyleLehner, M., Mont, O., Mariani, G., & Mundaca, L. (2020). Circular Economy in Home Textiles: Motivations of IKEA Consumers in Sweden. Sustainability, 12(12), 5030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125030