Unraveling the Links between Organizational Factors and Perceptions of Community Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Community-Based Nongovernmental Organizations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Linkages between Organizational Factors and Community Sustainability Performance
3. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development
3.1. Community Engagement
3.2. Human Resource Capacity
3.3. Collaborative Networking
3.4. Dependence on Government Funds
“Involvement often creates a tension for nonprofit agencies between their service role and their advocacy role, between their role as deliverers of government-funded services and their role as critics of government and private policies. Such involvement can also put a strain on other importance features of the organizations, such as their reliance on volunteers, their sense of independence.”([75] p. 44)
3.5. Revenue Diversification
4. Methodology
4.1. Measuring Dependent and Independent Variables
4.1.1. Dependent Variable
4.1.2. Independent Variables
4.1.3. Other Organizational Attributes
4.2. Method of Analysis
5. Findings and Discussion
6. Conclusions
6.1. Contributions
6.2. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organizational Age (years) | 30 and less—6% of organizations |
30–45—16% of organizations | |
36–50—68% of organizations | |
51 and more—10% of organizations | |
Organizational Budget | $1,000,000 or less—4% of organizations |
$1,000,001–$2,499,999—4% of organizations | |
$2,500,000–$9,999, 999—40% of organizations | |
$10,000,000 or more—52% of organizations | |
Organizational Location | Northeastern United States—15% of organizations |
Western United States—15% of organizations | |
Southern United States—38% of organizations | |
Midwestern United States—32% of organizations |
Variable | Variable Measurement | Mean | Std. Dev. | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community Sustainability Performance | Please rank the overall effectiveness of your organization in creating sustainable communities. Item scaled 1–10, with 1 = least effective, 10 = most effective. | 6.22 | 1.80 | 1 | 10 |
Community Engagement | Community needs and resources are fully integrated with the organization’s decision-making process. Item scaled 1–5, with 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree. | 4.22 | 0.71 | 2 | 5 |
Human Resource Capacity | Staff skills are matched and up-to-date to ensure that projects can be delivered effectively. Item scaled 1–5, with 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree. | 4.08 | 0.64 | 2 | 5 |
Federal Government Collaboration | Organization collaborates with local government in its sustainable community endeavors. Measured as 1 = organization collaborates with local government, 0 = organization does not. | 0.75 | 0.32 | 0 | 1 |
County/Regional Government Collaboration | Organization collaborates with county/regional government in its sustainable community endeavors. Measured as 1 = organization collaborates with county/regional government, 0 = organization does not. | 0.90 | 0.30 | 0 | 1 |
Government Resource Dependence | Percent of the organization’s budget that comes from government. | 0.81 | 0.20 | 0 | 1 |
Funding Diversity | Source: [94] | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0 | 1 |
Age | Age of organization in years. | 46.60 | 9.80 | 3 | 94 |
Full Time Employees | Number of full-time paid staff. | 128.26 | 134.63 | 0 | 735 |
Minority Population | Percent of nonwhite population. | 0.40 | 2.50 | 0 | 29 |
Vacant Housing | Logarithm of vacant housing. | 8.81 | 1.37 | 6.17 | 12.81 |
Urban | Organization is located in an urban area. Measured as 1 = organization is located in an urban area, 0 = organization is not located in an urban area. | 0.22 | 0.41 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Community Sustainability Performance | 1.00 | |||||||||||
2. Community Engagement | 0.28 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
3. Human Resource Capacity | 0.33 | 0.31 | 1.00 | |||||||||
4. County/Regional Government Collaboration | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
5. Federal Government Collaboration | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.34 | 1.00 | |||||||
6. Government Resource Dependence | −0.20 | -0.13 | -0.12 | 0.09 | −0.08 | 1.00 | ||||||
7. Funding Diversity | −0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.17 | −0.61 | 1.00 | |||||
8. Age of Organization | −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.07 | −0.08 | 0.18 | 0.01 | −0.05 | 1.00 | ||||
9. Full Time Employees | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.14 | −0.01 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 1.00 | |||
10. Minority Population | −0.05 | −0.03 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.06 | −0.06 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 1.00 | ||
11. Vacant Housing | 0.12 | −0.07 | 0.01 | 0.11 | −0.03 | −0.10 | 0.11 | 0.00 | −0.06 | 0.16 | 1.00 | |
12. Urban | −0.06 | −0.04 | −0.07 | −0.01 | −0.04 | −0.13 | 0.02 | −0.12 | 0.00 | −0.04 | 0.13 | 1.00 |
Community Sustainability Performance | |||
---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Robust SE | p-Value | |
Community Engagement | 0.478 | 0.226 | 0.036 ** |
Human Resource Capacity | 0.634 | 0.227 | 0.006 *** |
County/Regional Government Collaboration | 0.995 | 0.390 | 0.012 ** |
Federal Government Collaboration | 0.452 | 0.418 | 0.281 |
Government Resource Dependence | −2.703 | 0.725 | 0.000 *** |
Funding Diversity | −1.920 | 0.728 | 0.009 *** |
Age of Organization | −0.008 | 0.016 | 0.587 |
Full Time Employees | −0.000 | 0.001 | 0.765 |
Minority Population | −0.047 | 0.020 | 0.021 ** |
Vacant Housing | 0.175 | 0.106 | 0.101 |
Urban | −0.408 | 0.273 | 0.137 |
Constant | 2.095 | 1.823 | 0.253 |
Observations | 134 | ||
Prob > F | 0.00 *** | ||
R2 | 0.26 |
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Wright, N.S.; Reames, T.G. Unraveling the Links between Organizational Factors and Perceptions of Community Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Community-Based Nongovernmental Organizations. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124986
Wright NS, Reames TG. Unraveling the Links between Organizational Factors and Perceptions of Community Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Community-Based Nongovernmental Organizations. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):4986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124986
Chicago/Turabian StyleWright, Nathaniel S., and Tony G. Reames. 2020. "Unraveling the Links between Organizational Factors and Perceptions of Community Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Community-Based Nongovernmental Organizations" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124986
APA StyleWright, N. S., & Reames, T. G. (2020). Unraveling the Links between Organizational Factors and Perceptions of Community Sustainability Performance: An Empirical Investigation of Community-Based Nongovernmental Organizations. Sustainability, 12(12), 4986. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124986