The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Attitudes and Travel Behavior
1.2. Attitudes, Intentions to Travel and Actual Travel Behavior
1.3. Conceptual Framework
1.4. Hypotheses
2. Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analyses Results.
3.1.1. Attitudes toward Cycling.
3.1.2. Attitudes Towards Walking.
3.2. SEM Results
3.2.1. Model 1. Attitudes towards Cycling, Intention and Use of Transport Modes
3.2.2. Model 2. Attitudes toward Walking, Intention, and Actual Use of Transport Modes
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Valencia Area | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 46% (754) | 48% |
Female | 54% (887) | 52% | |
Age | <30 | 41% (679) | 30% |
30–50 | 41% (671) | 31% | |
>50 | 18% (291) | 39% | |
Occupation | Student | 24% (390) | 5% |
Employed | 54% (893) | 25% | |
Others | 22% (358) | 70% | |
Education level | University | 51% (833) | 58% |
No university | 49% (808) | 42% |
Variable 1 | Item 2 | Descriptive Measures | EFA | CFA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition | Median | Mean | SD | Factor Loadings | Standardized Factor Loadings (S.E) | |
COG_4 | It suits my needs | 3.00 | 3.09 | 1.449 | 0.442 | 0.780 (0.013) |
COG_9 | It’s fast | 3.00 | 3.05 | 1.198 | 0.876 | 0.759 (0.013) |
COG_14 | It’s comfortable | 3.00 | 2.90 | 1.223 | 0.506 | 0.816 (0.012) |
AF_34 | If I use this travel mode, I will have more freedom of movement | 4.00 | 3.78 | 1.179 | 0.398 | 0.624 (0.017) |
AF_39 | I like it | 4.00 | 3.43 | 1.366 | 0.778 | 0.828 (0.011) |
AF_49 | It’s relaxing | 4.00 | 3.45 | 1.335 | 0.610 | 0.748 (0.014) |
BEH_59 | For urban trips, I choose this travel mode considering the pollution it might cause. | 4.00 | 3.40 | 1.612 | 0.410 | 0.491 (0.022) |
BEH_69 | For urban trips, I choose this travel mode considering the urban structure and its convenience. | 4.00 | 3.49 | 1.322 | 0.509 | 0.602 (0.019) |
BEH_74 | For urban trips I choose this travel mode in order to support it. | 4.00 | 3.51 | 1.371 | 0.734 | 0.792 (0.015) |
BEH_79 | For urban trips, I choose this travel mode considering other people’s influence and needs. | 3.00 | 2.88 | 1.329 | 0.573 | 0.603 (0.019) |
Variable | Item | Descriptive Measures | EFA | CFA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definition | Median | Mean | SD | Factor Loadings | Standardized Factor Loadings (S.E) | |
COG_5 | It suits my needs | 4.00 | 3.91 | 1.159 | 0.467 | 0.699 (0.021) |
COG_10 | It’s fast | 2.00 | 2.50 | 1.204 | 0.719 | 0.471 (0.026) |
COG_15 | It’s comfortable | 3.00 | 3.25 | 1.245 | 0.655 | 0.661 (0.021) |
AF_35 | If I use this travel mode, I will have more freedom of movement | 5.00 | 4.34 | 1.026 | 0.551 | 0.578 (0.019) |
AF_40 | I like it | 4.00 | 4.15 | 1.043 | 0.703 | 0.841 (0.015) |
AF_50 | It’s relaxing | 5.00 | 4.25 | 1.002 | 0.686 | 0.672 (0.016) |
AF_55 | If I use this travel mode, I will be able to make to make other things during the trip (read, listen to music, think…) | 5.00 | 4.12 | 1.157 | 0.495 | 0.643 (0.021) |
BEH_65 | I choose this travel mode considering the possibility of sharing the trip with other people | 3.00 | 3.01 | 1.513 | 0.489 | 0.493 (0.025) |
BEH_75 | For urban trips I choose this travel mode in order to support it. | 4.00 | 3.88 | 1.262 | 0.572 | 0.731 (0.023) |
BEH_80 | For urban trips, I choose this travel mode considering other people’s influence and needs. | 3.00 | 3.30 | 1.362 | 0.675 | 0.610 (0.023) |
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García, J.; Arroyo, R.; Mars, L.; Ruiz, T. The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092554
García J, Arroyo R, Mars L, Ruiz T. The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior. Sustainability. 2019; 11(9):2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092554
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía, Jesús, Rosa Arroyo, Lidón Mars, and Tomás Ruiz. 2019. "The Influence of Attitudes towards Cycling and Walking on Travel Intentions and Actual Behavior" Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092554