Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Case Study Context
2.2. Participatory Process to Extract Local Adaptation Strategies
2.3. Cluster Analysis
Observation | |||
1 | 0 | ||
Observ. | 1 | ||
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2.4. A Bootstrap Approach for Simulating Perceived Cumulative Distribution Functions
2.5. Efficiency in Terms of Benefit-Cost Perceptions
3. Results
3.1. Overview of Contributions and Perceptions
3.2. Clustering the Measures
3.3. Measuring Consensus among Participants’ Views
3.4. Assessing Efficiency According to Stakeholders’ Perceptions
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Id | Adaptation Measures Described by Participants |
---|---|
1 | Flood prevention measures (Infrastructures) |
2 | Improvements on the water network: leakage and expenditure control |
3 | Soil mantle improvements |
4 | Preventive pest control |
5 | Improvements on emergency response plans |
6 | Early alert systems |
7 | Improvements on air quality monitoring |
8 | Economic incentives and counselling for municipalities |
9 | Urban green infrastructures |
10 | Soil use planning |
11 | Development of adaptive follow-up indicators |
12 | Basin-scale vegetation management for flood prevention |
13 | Urban planning and design based on an increased thermal comfort for pedestrians. |
14 | Introduction of wind corridors and optimizing building height |
15 | Urban heat maps for urban planning (collaboration between climatologists and urban planners) |
16 | Sustainable Urban Draining Systems (SUDS) |
17 | Evaluation of ecosystems and their multifunctionality for the application of economic incentives |
18 | Integrated urban planning that takes into account its context |
19 | Natural and semi-natural spaces for a resilient area |
20 | Improvements on meteorological prediction |
21 | Improvements on emergency plans |
22 | Main drainage infrastructures |
23 | Reliable communication networks between emergency teams and citizens |
24 | Semi-automatic analysis of comments (information) in social media to shorten response timers |
25 | Decarbonization of transport through behavioral changes |
26 | Decarbonization of transport through technology |
Id | Adaptation Measures Described by Participants | |
---|---|---|
1 | Flood prevention measures (Infrastructures) | Group 1: Grey measures |
22 | Main drainage infrastructures | |
2 | Improvements on the water network: leakage and expenditure control | |
4 | Preventive pest control | |
5 | Improvements on emergency response plans | Group 2: Preventive measures |
6 | Early alert systems | |
21 | Improvements on emergency plans | |
23 | Reliable communication networks between emergency teams and citizens | |
24 | Semi-automatic analysis of comments (information) in social media to shorten response timers | |
11 | Development of adaptive follow-up indicators | Group 3: Non-ecosystem-based adaptation and mitigation |
26 | Decarbonization of transport through technology | |
7 | Improvements on air quality monitoring | Group 4: Research and environment |
20 | Improvements on meteorological prediction | |
12 | Basin-scale vegetation management for flood prevention | |
17 | Evaluation of ecosystems and their multifunctionality for the application of economic incentives | |
13 | Urban planning and design based on an increased thermal comfort for pedestrians | |
18 | Integrated urban planning that takes into account its context | |
15 | Urban heat maps for urban planning (collaboration between climatologists and urban planners) | |
8 | Economic incentives and counselling for municipalities | Group 5: Green adaptation and mitigation |
19 | Natural and semi-natural spaces for a resilient area | |
25 | Decarbonization of transport through behavioral changes | |
9 | Urban green infrastructures | |
16 | Sustainable Urban Draining Systems (SUDS) | |
10 | Soil use planning | Group 6: Urban planning |
14 | Introduction of wind corridors and optimizing building height | |
3 | Soil mantle improvements | OL |
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Martinez-Juarez, P.; Chiabai, A.; Suárez, C.; Quiroga, S. Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change. Sustainability 2019, 11, 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030647
Martinez-Juarez P, Chiabai A, Suárez C, Quiroga S. Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change. Sustainability. 2019; 11(3):647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030647
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartinez-Juarez, Pablo, Aline Chiabai, Cristina Suárez, and Sonia Quiroga. 2019. "Insights on Urban and Periurban Adaptation Strategies Based on Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Hard and Soft Responses to Climate Change" Sustainability 11, no. 3: 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030647