Impacts of Climate and Land Cover on Soil Organic Carbon in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Study Area
2.2. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Topsoil Concentration Factors (TCFs)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Statistical Description of SOC
3.2. Vertical Distribution of SOC
3.3. Seasonal Dynamics of SOC
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison of SOC with Other Mountainous Regions
4.2. Impact of Τemperature on SOC
4.3. Impact of Precipitation on SOC
4.4. Impact of Vegetation on SOC
4.5. Comprehensive Impact of Various Factors on SOC
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | BDZ | HLZ | HJX | XYWG |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lon-E(degree) | 101.85 | 101.89 | 102.01 | 102.18 |
Lat-N(degree) | 37.55 | 37.70 | 37.82 | 37.89 |
Alt(m) | 3590 | 2721 | 2390 | 2097 |
Samples | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 |
MAT(°C) | −0.19 | 3.34 | 6.6 | 7.86 |
AP(mm) | 595.1 | 431.9 | 363.5 | 262.5 |
Depth | Mean ± SE (g/kg) | Min (g/kg) | Max (g/kg) | Skewness | Kurtosis | CV (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 cm | 45.12 ± 5.08 | 9.81 | 127.00 | 1.18 | 0.15 | 48.84 |
10–20 cm | 38.65 ± 4.45 | 7.35 | 102.00 | 1.19 | 0.09 | 56.42 |
20–30 cm | 34.80 ± 4.16 | 5.20 | 96.50 | 1.29 | 0.51 | 62.39 |
30–40 cm | 31.66 ± 3.80 | 4.43 | 93.80 | 1.24 | 0.16 | 68.35 |
40–50 cm | 28.48 ± 3.24 | 3.94 | 77 | 1.22 | 0.11 | 75.84 |
0–50 cm | 35.74 ± 4.15 | 3.94 | 127 | 1.22 | 0.2 | 62.37 |
df | F | Sig. | |
---|---|---|---|
Land cover type | 3 | 203.245 | 0.000 |
Soil layer | 4 | 70.719 | 0.000 |
Season | 3 | 5.178 | 0.006 |
Land cover type × Soil layer | 12 | 11.217 | 0.000 |
Land cover type × Season | 9 | 3.488 | 0.005 |
Soil layer × Season | 12 | 2.494 | 0.032 |
Land cover type × Soil layer × Season | 36 | 1.217 | 0.218 |
Residuals | 28 |
Soil Depth | Alpine Meadow | Forestland | Grassland | Wilderness |
---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 cm | 14.22 ± 1.59 | 45.86 ± 8.77 | 8.63 ± 1.32 | 9.33 ± 0.86 |
10–20 cm | 8.80 ± 1.35 | 32.13 ± 5.31 | 8.10 ± 1.48 | 5.68 ± 0.85 |
20–30 cm | 5.13 ± 1.71 | 35.56 ± 5.79 | 7.16 ± 1.10 | 4.88 ± 0.13 |
30–40 cm | 8.42 ± 1.89 | 29.70 ± 4.55 | 6.15 ± 1.41 | 5.56 ± 0.67 |
40–50 cm | 4.38 ± 0.3 | 27.33 ± 3.55 | 7.77 ± 1.26 | 6.20 ± 0.33 |
Region | SOC Content Range (g/kg) | Mean (g/kg) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Central Africa (Mount Bambouto) | 8.02–154.11 | 56.23 | [37] |
SW Poland (Karkonosze Mountain) | 1.70–190.00 | 33.43 | [35] |
Guizhou (Karst mountains area) | 0.23–128.74 | 15.72 | [36] |
Xinjiang (Milddle Tianshan) | 3.13–280.37 | 48.28 | [38] |
Gansu (Middle Qilian mountain) | 1.10–190.00 | 36.00 | [34] |
Land Cover Types | Dominant Species | Biomass | Data Source |
---|---|---|---|
Alpine meadow | Kobresia humilis Serg.、Elymus nutans Griseb. | 78.10 ± 17.80 | [56] |
Forestland | Picea crassifolia Kom. | 125.0 0± 3.00 | [57] |
Grassland | Stipa krylovii Roshev.、Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. | 48.30 ± 6.20 | [58] |
Wilderness | Stipa breviflora Griseb. | 11.00 ± 8.00 | [56] |
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Zhou, J.; Xue, D.; Lei, L.; Wang, L.; Zhong, G.; Liu, C.; Xiang, J.; Huang, M.; Feng, W.; Li, Q.; et al. Impacts of Climate and Land Cover on Soil Organic Carbon in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205790
Zhou J, Xue D, Lei L, Wang L, Zhong G, Liu C, Xiang J, Huang M, Feng W, Li Q, et al. Impacts of Climate and Land Cover on Soil Organic Carbon in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(20):5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205790
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Junju, Dongxiang Xue, Li Lei, Lanying Wang, Guoshuang Zhong, Chunfang Liu, Juan Xiang, Meihua Huang, Wei Feng, Qiaoqiao Li, and et al. 2019. "Impacts of Climate and Land Cover on Soil Organic Carbon in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China" Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205790