Healthcare Access Among Individuals Who Practice Chemsex in Brazil: A Scoping Review Protocol
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Concept
- Availability and supply—the existence of adequate and accessible services for this population.
- Accessibility—geographical, economic, and structural barriers that affect access.
- Accommodation—the capacity of services to meet the needs of this population.
- Acceptability—the perceptions and experiences of people who engage in chemsex regarding the care received.
- Effective use—the effectiveness of services in promoting the health of this population.
3. Context
4. Expected Results
5. Ethical Aspects
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Public Involvement Statement
Guidelines and Standards Statement
Use of Artificial Intelligence
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Review Status
Abbreviations
CAPES | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior |
CNS | Conselho Nacional de Saúde |
FAPESP | Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo |
JBI | Joanna Briggs Institute |
MSM | Men Who Have Sex with Men |
PCC | Population, Concept, Context |
PNSILGBT | Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais |
PRISMA-ScR | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews |
SDU | Sexualized Drug Use |
SUS | Sistema Único de Saúde |
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. Database Search Strategies and Records Retrieved
Database/Date RECORDS RETRIEVED | PCC | QUERY | |
PubMed | Participants | (“chemsex” OR “chemsex users” OR “chemical sex” OR “sexualized drug use” OR “sdu” OR “drug-facilitated sex” OR “sex under the influence of drugs” OR “high-risk sexual behavior” OR “party and play” OR “pnp” OR “high fun” OR “slamming” OR “recreational drug use” OR “club drug use” OR “illicit drugs” OR “polydrug use” OR “drug users” OR “substance-related disorders” OR “substance abuse, oral” OR “substance abuse, intravenous” OR “psychotropic drugs” OR “sexual behavior” OR “harm reduction” OR “adiction” OR “methamphetamine” OR “crystal meth” OR “ghb” OR “mephedrone” OR “ketamine” OR “mdma” OR “ecstasy” OR “cocaine” OR “poppers” OR “crack” OR “amphetamines” OR “lolo”) | 459 |
AND | |||
Concept | (“health services accessibility” OR access* OR “availability of health services” OR “delivery of health care” OR “access to health services” OR “healthcare access” OR “health services access” OR “healthcare services” OR “public health services” OR “primary health care” OR “healthcare barriers” OR “health service utilization” OR “service utilization” OR “use of health services” OR “barriers and facilitators” OR “health disparities” OR “healthcare inequities” OR “healthcare inequalities” OR “health care needs” OR “healthcare needs” OR “unmet health needs” OR “unmet healthcare needs”) | ||
AND | |||
Context | (“brazil” OR “brasil” OR “sus” OR “sistema unico de saude” OR “brazilian healthcare system” OR “acre” OR “alagoas” OR “amapa” OR “amazonas” OR “bahia” OR “ceara” OR “distrito federal” OR “espirito santo” OR “goias” OR “maranhao” OR “mato grosso” OR “mato grosso do sul” OR “minas gerais” OR “para” OR “paraiba” OR “parana” OR “pernambuco” OR “piaui” OR “rio de janeiro” OR “rio grande do norte” OR “rio grande do sul” OR “rondonia” OR “roraima” OR “santa catarina” OR “sao paulo” OR “sergipe” OR “tocantins”) | ||
Limits | Publication year: 2014–2025 (july), english, portuguese, spanish; all fields | ||
Database/date RECORDS RETRIEVED | PCC | QUERY | |
Scopus | Participants | (“chemsex” OR “chemsex users” OR “chemical sex” OR “sexualized drug use” OR “sdu” OR “drug-facilitated sex” OR “sex under the influence of drugs” OR “high-risk sexual behavior” OR “party and play” OR “pnp” OR “high fun” OR “slamming” OR “recreational drug use” OR “club drug use” OR “illicit drugs” OR “polydrug use” OR “drug users” OR “substance-related disorders” OR “substance abuse, oral” OR “substance abuse, intravenous” OR “psychotropic drugs” OR “sexual behavior” OR “harm reduction” OR “adiction” OR “methamphetamine” OR “crystal meth” OR “ghb” OR “mephedrone” OR “ketamine” OR “mdma” OR “ecstasy” OR “cocaine” OR “poppers” OR “crack” OR “amphetamines” OR “lolo”) | 533 |
AND | |||
Concept | (“health services accessibility” OR access* OR “availability of health services” OR “delivery of health care” OR “access to health services” OR “healthcare access” OR “health services access” OR “healthcare services” OR “public health services” OR “primary health care” OR “healthcare barriers” OR “health service utilization” OR “service utilization” OR “use of health services” OR “barriers and facilitators” OR “health disparities” OR “healthcare inequities” OR “healthcare inequalities” OR “health care needs” OR “healthcare needs” OR “unmet health needs” OR “unmet healthcare needs”) | ||
AND | |||
Context | (“brazil” OR “brasil” OR “sus” OR “sistema unico de saude” OR “brazilian healthcare system” OR “acre” OR “alagoas” OR “amapa” OR “amazonas” OR “bahia” OR “ceara” OR “distrito federal” OR “espirito santo” OR “goias” OR “maranhao” OR “mato grosso” OR “mato grosso do sul” OR “minas gerais” OR “para” OR “paraiba” OR “parana” OR “pernambuco” OR “piaui” OR “rio de janeiro” OR “rio grande do norte” OR “rio grande do sul” OR “rondonia” OR “roraima” OR “santa catarina” OR “sao paulo” OR “sergipe” OR “tocantins”) | ||
Limits | Publication year: 2014–2025 (july), english, portuguese, spanish; “Title”, “Abstract”, “Keywords” | ||
Database/date RECORDS RETRIEVED | PCC | QUERY | |
Embase | Participants | (“chemsex” OR “chemsex users” OR “chemical sex” OR “sexualized drug use” OR “sdu” OR “drug-facilitated sex” OR “sex under the influence of drugs” OR “high-risk sexual behavior” OR “party and play” OR “pnp” OR “high fun” OR “slamming” OR “recreational drug use” OR “club drug use” OR “illicit drugs” OR “polydrug use” OR “drug users” OR “substance-related disorders” OR “substance abuse, oral” OR “substance abuse, intravenous” OR “psychotropic drugs” OR “sexual behavior” OR “harm reduction” OR “adiction” OR “methamphetamine” OR “crystal meth” OR “ghb” OR “mephedrone” OR “ketamine” OR “mdma” OR “ecstasy” OR “cocaine” OR “poppers” OR “crack” OR “amphetamines” OR “lolo”) | 757 |
AND | |||
Concept | (“health services accessibility” OR access* OR “availability of health services” OR “delivery of health care” OR “access to health services” OR “healthcare access” OR “health services access” OR “healthcare services” OR “public health services” OR “primary health care” OR “healthcare barriers” OR “health service utilization” OR “service utilization” OR “use of health services” OR “barriers and facilitators” OR “health disparities” OR “healthcare inequities” OR “healthcare inequalities” OR “health care needs” OR “healthcare needs” OR “unmet health needs” OR “unmet healthcare needs”) | ||
AND | |||
Context | (“brazil” OR “brasil” OR “sus” OR “sistema unico de saude” OR “brazilian healthcare system” OR “acre” OR “alagoas” OR “amapa” OR “amazonas” OR “bahia” OR “ceara” OR “distrito federal” OR “espirito santo” OR “goias” OR “maranhao” OR “mato grosso” OR “mato grosso do sul” OR “minas gerais” OR “para” OR “paraiba” OR “parana” OR “pernambuco” OR “piaui” OR “rio de janeiro” OR “rio grande do norte” OR “rio grande do sul” OR “rondonia” OR “roraima” OR “santa catarina” OR “sao paulo” OR “sergipe” OR “tocantins”) | ||
Limits | Publication year: 2014–2025 (july), english, portuguese, spanish; all fields | ||
Database/date RECORDS RETRIEVED | PCC | QUERY | |
SciELO | Participants | (chemsex OR “sexo aditivado” OR chemsex users OR “usuarios de chemsex” OR “pessoas que praticam chemsex” OR “chemical sex” OR “sexo quimico” OR “sexualized drug use” OR “uso sexualizado de drogas” OR sdu OR usd OR “drug-facilitated sex” OR “uso de drogas em contexto sexual” OR “sexo facilitado por drogas” OR “sex under the influence of drugs” OR “sexo sob a influencia de drogas” OR “sexo sob efeito de drogas” OR “high-risk sexual behavior” OR “comportamento sexual de alto risco” OR “party and play” OR pnp OR “high fun” OR slamming OR “recreational drug use” OR “uso recreativo de drogas” OR “club drug use” OR “uso de drogas em festas” OR “illicit drugs” OR “uso de drogas ilicitas” OR “polydrug use” OR “uso de multiplas drogas” OR “drug users” OR “usuarios de drogas” OR “substance-related disorders” OR “transtornos relacionados ao uso de substancias” OR “substance abuse, oral” OR “abuso de substancias por via oral” OR “substance abuse, intravenous” OR “abuso de substancias intravenosas” OR “psychotropic drugs” OR “drogas psicoativas” OR “sexual behavior” OR “comportamento sexual” OR “harm reduction” OR “reducao de danos” OR addiction OR “dependencia quimica” OR methamphetamine OR “metanfetamica” OR “crystal meth” OR ghb OR mephedrone OR “mefedrona” OR ketamine OR “cetamina” OR mdma OR ecstasy OR cocaine OR “cocaina” OR poppers OR crack OR amphetamines OR “anfetaminas” OR lolo) | 1262 |
AND | |||
Concept | (“health services accessibility” OR “acessibilidade aos serviços de saude” OR access* OR acess* OR “availability of health services” OR “disponibilidade de serviços de saude” OR “delivery of health care” OR “prestacao de cuidados de saude” OR “access to health services” OR “acesso aos serviços de saude” OR “healthcare access” OR “acesso a saude” OR “health services access” OR “healthcare services” OR “serviços de saude” OR “public health services” OR “serviços de saude publicos” OR “primary health care” OR “atenção primaria a saude” OR “healthcare barriers” OR “barreiras no acesso a saude” OR “health service utilization” OR “utilizaçao de servicos de saude” OR “service utilization” OR “use of health services” OR “uso de serviços de saude” OR “barriers and facilitators” OR “barreiras e facilitadores” OR “health disparities” OR “disparidade em saude” OR “healthcare inequities” OR “inequidades em saude” OR “healthcare inequalities” OR “inequidades em saude” OR “health care needs” OR “necessidades de saude” OR “healthcare needs” OR “necessidades de cuidados de saude” OR “unmet health needs” OR “necessidades de saúde não atendidas” OR “unmet healthcare needs” OR “necessidades de cuidados de saúde não atendidas”) | ||
AND | |||
Context | (brazil OR brasil OR sus OR “sistema unico de saude” OR “brazilian healthcare system” OR “sistema de saude brasileiro” OR acre OR alagoas OR amapa OR amazonas OR bahia OR ceara OR “distrito federal” OR espirito santo OR goias OR maranhao OR mato grosso OR “mato grosso do sul” OR minas gerais OR para OR paraiba OR parana OR pernambuco OR piaui OR “rio de janeiro” OR “rio grande do norte” OR “rio grande do sul” OR rondonia OR roraima OR santa catarina OR sao paulo OR sergipe OR tocantins) | ||
Limits | Publication year: 2014–2025 (july), english, portuguese, spanish; all fields |
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de Carvalho, I.S.; Cepas, L.A.; de Sousa, Á.F.L.; Fernandes, T.M.; Luz, T.G.; da Silva, J.C.S.; da Silva Marques, A.; Ribeiro, C.J.N.; Lima, S.V.M.A.; de Sousa, A.R.; et al. Healthcare Access Among Individuals Who Practice Chemsex in Brazil: A Scoping Review Protocol. Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15, 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15100353
de Carvalho IS, Cepas LA, de Sousa ÁFL, Fernandes TM, Luz TG, da Silva JCS, da Silva Marques A, Ribeiro CJN, Lima SVMA, de Sousa AR, et al. Healthcare Access Among Individuals Who Practice Chemsex in Brazil: A Scoping Review Protocol. Nursing Reports. 2025; 15(10):353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15100353
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Carvalho, Isadora Silva, Lariane Angel Cepas, Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa, Talita Morais Fernandes, Talia Gomes Luz, Jean Carlos Soares da Silva, Augusto da Silva Marques, Caíque Jordan Nunes Ribeiro, Shirley Veronica Melo Almeida Lima, Anderson Reis de Sousa, and et al. 2025. "Healthcare Access Among Individuals Who Practice Chemsex in Brazil: A Scoping Review Protocol" Nursing Reports 15, no. 10: 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15100353
APA Stylede Carvalho, I. S., Cepas, L. A., de Sousa, Á. F. L., Fernandes, T. M., Luz, T. G., da Silva, J. C. S., da Silva Marques, A., Ribeiro, C. J. N., Lima, S. V. M. A., de Sousa, A. R., Sorgi, C. A., Nakamura, R., & Fernandes, A. P. M. (2025). Healthcare Access Among Individuals Who Practice Chemsex in Brazil: A Scoping Review Protocol. Nursing Reports, 15(10), 353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15100353