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Article

Male-to-Female Sex Ratios of Abnormalities Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in a Population of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

1
Integrated Oncology, LabCorp Specialty Testing Group Cytogenetics & FISH Laboratories, 4310 E. Cotton Center Boulevard, Suite 120, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
2
Miraca Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA
3
Hematologics, Inc., Seattle, WA 98121, USA
4
Integrated Genetics, Information Technology, Westborough, MA 01581, USA
5
Research and Bioinformatics, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Durham, NC 27703, USA
6
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hematol. Rep. 2013, 5(1), e4; https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2013.e4
Submission received: 27 October 2012 / Revised: 16 January 2013 / Accepted: 24 January 2013 / Published: 11 February 2013

Abstract

Distorted sex ratios occur in hematologic disorders. For example, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) displays disproportionate sex ratios with a large male excess. However, the underlying genetics for these disparities are poorly understood, and gender differences for specific cytogenetic abnormalities have not been carefully investigated. We sought to provide an initial characterization of gender representation in genetic abnormalities in CLL by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We confirm the well known skewed male-to-female (M/F sex ratio) of ~1.5 in our CLL study population, but also determine the genotypic M/F sex ratio values corresponding to specific FISH DNA probes. Genetic changes in CLL detectable by four FISH probes were statistically compared with respect to gender. Initial FISH evaluations of 4698 CLL patients were retrospectively examined and new findings of the genotypic M/F sex ratios for these probes are reported. This study represents the largest CLL survey conducted in the United States using FISH probes. The CLL database demonstrated that FISH abnormalities (trisomy 12, 13q14.3 deletion and 17p13.1 deletion) probes had skewed M/F ratios of ~1.5. Also, by statistical analysis it was shown that ATM gene loss (11q22.3q23.1 deletion) solely or with other abnormalities was considerably higher in males with an M/F ratio of 2.5 and significantly different from M/F ratios of 1.0 or 1.5. We hypothesize that interactions involving these autosomal abnormalities (trisomy 12, and deletions of 11q22.3, 13q14.3, and 17p13.1), and the sex chromosomes may provide the genetic basis for the altered phenotypic M/F ratio in CLL.
Keywords: sex ratios; CLL; FISH sex ratios; CLL; FISH

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cantú, E.S.; McGill, J.R.; Stephenson, C.F.; Hoffmann, H.M.; Tang, L.; Yan, J.; Glassman, A.B. Male-to-Female Sex Ratios of Abnormalities Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in a Population of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Hematol. Rep. 2013, 5, e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2013.e4

AMA Style

Cantú ES, McGill JR, Stephenson CF, Hoffmann HM, Tang L, Yan J, Glassman AB. Male-to-Female Sex Ratios of Abnormalities Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in a Population of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Hematology Reports. 2013; 5(1):e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2013.e4

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cantú, Eduardo S., John R. McGill, Christine F. Stephenson, Heidi M. Hoffmann, Lihua Tang, Jim Yan, and Armand B. Glassman. 2013. "Male-to-Female Sex Ratios of Abnormalities Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in a Population of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients" Hematology Reports 5, no. 1: e4. https://doi.org/10.4081/hr.2013.e4

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