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Neurology International
Volume 8
Issue 4
10.4081/ni.2016.6361
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Neurology International is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.
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Case Report

Anti-Musk Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Three Semiological Cardinal Signs

by
André P.C. Matta
1,*,
Ana C. Andorinho F. Ferreira
1,
Arielle Kirmse
1,
Anna Carolina Damm
1,
João Gabriel D.I.B. Farinhas
1,
Mariane D. Barbosa
1,
Mayara C.M. Teles
1,
Camila Fiorelli
2,
Rossano Fiorelli
2,
Osvaldo J.M. Nascimento
1 and
Marco Orsini
1,3
1
Neurology Service, Federal Fluminense University, University Hospital Antônio Pedro, Niterói, Brazil
2
Medicine School, UNIRIO, RJ, Brazil
3
Masters Program in Urgency and Medicine Emergency Care, USS, Vasssouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Neurol. Int. 2016, 8(4), 6361; https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6361
Submission received: 10 December 2015 / Revised: 10 December 2015 / Accepted: 6 June 2016 / Published: 5 January 2017

Abstract

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a relatively uncommon disorder with an annual incidence of approximately 7 to 9 new cases per million. The prevalence is about 70 to 165 per million. The prevalence of the disease has been increasing over the past five decades. This is thought to be due to better recognition of the condition, aging of the population, and the longer life span of affected patients. MG causes weakness, predominantly in bulbar, facial, and extra-ocular muscles, often fluctuating over minutes to weeks, in the absence of wasting, sensory loss, or reflex changes. The picture of fluctuating, asymmetric external ophthalmoplegia with ptosis and weak eye closure is virtually diagnostic of myasthenia. We report an atypical MG case with three semiological cardinal signs.
Keywords: Neurology; Medicine; Neuromuscular diseases Neurology; Medicine; Neuromuscular diseases

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MDPI and ACS Style

Matta, A.P.C.; Ferreira, A.C.A.F.; Kirmse, A.; Damm, A.C.; Farinhas, J.G.D.I.B.; Barbosa, M.D.; Teles, M.C.M.; Fiorelli, C.; Fiorelli, R.; Nascimento, O.J.M.; et al. Anti-Musk Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Three Semiological Cardinal Signs. Neurol. Int. 2016, 8, 6361. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6361

AMA Style

Matta APC, Ferreira ACAF, Kirmse A, Damm AC, Farinhas JGDIB, Barbosa MD, Teles MCM, Fiorelli C, Fiorelli R, Nascimento OJM, et al. Anti-Musk Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Three Semiological Cardinal Signs. Neurology International. 2016; 8(4):6361. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6361

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matta, André P.C., Ana C. Andorinho F. Ferreira, Arielle Kirmse, Anna Carolina Damm, João Gabriel D.I.B. Farinhas, Mariane D. Barbosa, Mayara C.M. Teles, Camila Fiorelli, Rossano Fiorelli, Osvaldo J.M. Nascimento, and et al. 2016. "Anti-Musk Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Three Semiological Cardinal Signs" Neurology International 8, no. 4: 6361. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6361

APA Style

Matta, A. P. C., Ferreira, A. C. A. F., Kirmse, A., Damm, A. C., Farinhas, J. G. D. I. B., Barbosa, M. D., Teles, M. C. M., Fiorelli, C., Fiorelli, R., Nascimento, O. J. M., & Orsini, M. (2016). Anti-Musk Positive Myasthenia Gravis and Three Semiological Cardinal Signs. Neurology International, 8(4), 6361. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.6361

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