Energy-Saving Optimization for Electric Vehicles in Car-Following Scenarios Based on Model Predictive Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Literature Review
1.3. Original Contributions
- A nonlinear multi-objective model predictive control framework is developed for a FRIDEV under car-following scenarios, in which safety, car-following performance, ride comfort and energy economy are optimized simultaneously;
- The demand power of the host vehicle is used as an indicator to accurately reflect the energy consumption and incorporated in the cost function to achieve enhanced energy economy.
1.4. Outline of the Paper
2. System Modeling
2.1. Vehicle Longitudinal Dynamics
2.2. Electric Drive System
3. Economy-Oriented Car-Following Control Strategy
3.1. Control Objectives
- A.
- Car-following performance
- B.
- Ride comfort
- C.
- Energy consumption
3.2. Overall Cost Function
3.3. Model Predictive Optimization Problem
- The discrete system state Equation (5);
- The constraints (31)–(33).
4. Simulation Results
4.1. Car-Following and Ride Comfort Performance
4.2. Energy Economy
5. Conclusions and Future Work
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
m | kg | 2270 |
A | m2 | 3.0 |
CD | - | 0.3 |
f | - | 0.008 |
r | m | 0.393 |
i0 | - | 10.885 |
α | deg | 0 |
th | s | 1.5 |
thmin | s | 1.2 |
thmax | s | 2.5 |
d0 | m | 5 |
d0_min | m | 3 |
d0_max | m | 6 |
Δvmin | m/s | −3.5 |
Δvmax | m/s | 4 |
TTC | s | −2.5 |
ds | m | 3 |
amin | m/s2 | −2.8 |
amax | m/s2 | 1.2 |
jmin | m/s3 | −6 |
jmax | m/s3 | 6 |
Control Scheme | Energy Consumption (kWh) | ||
---|---|---|---|
NEDC | UDDS | WLTC | |
MO-ACC | 1.3687 | 1.3762 | 3.5537 |
EOCFC | 1.3614 | 1.3304 | 3.5000 |
Improvement | 0.53% | 3.33% | 1.51% |
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Liu, Y.; Yao, C.; Guo, C.; Yang, Z.; Fu, C. Energy-Saving Optimization for Electric Vehicles in Car-Following Scenarios Based on Model Predictive Control. World Electr. Veh. J. 2023, 14, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020042
Liu Y, Yao C, Guo C, Yang Z, Fu C. Energy-Saving Optimization for Electric Vehicles in Car-Following Scenarios Based on Model Predictive Control. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2023; 14(2):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020042
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yang, Chuyang Yao, Cong Guo, Zhong Yang, and Chunyun Fu. 2023. "Energy-Saving Optimization for Electric Vehicles in Car-Following Scenarios Based on Model Predictive Control" World Electric Vehicle Journal 14, no. 2: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14020042