Investigating the Key Aspects of a Smart City through Topic Modeling and Thematic Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Related Work
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Coding Language and Tools
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Scientific Papers
2.3.2. News Articles
2.3.3. Social Media
2.4. Text Data Preprocessing
2.5. Topic Modeling
BERTopic
2.6. Evaluation, Visualization, Interpretation, and Optimization
2.6.1. Evaluation
2.6.2. Visualization
2.6.3. Interpretation
2.6.4. Optimization
2.7. Thematic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Scientific Publication Abstracts
3.2. News Blog Posts
3.3. Social Media Posts
4. Discussion
4.1. Addressing RQ1
4.2. Addressing RQ2
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Future Research
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AI | Artificial Intelligence |
BERT | Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers |
BW | Businessworld |
c-TF-IDF | Class-based Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency |
CTM | Contextualized Topic Models |
HC | Hierarchical Clustering |
HDBSCAN | Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise |
ICT | Information and Communication Technologies |
IoT | Internet of Things |
LDA | Latent Dirichlet Allocation |
LSI | Latent Semantic Indexing |
ML | Machine Learning |
NLP | Natural Language Processing |
NMF | Non-negative Matrix Factorization |
pLSI | Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing |
SCC | Smart Cities Challenge |
SVD | Singular Value Decomposition |
TC | Topic Coherence |
TD | Topic Diversity |
TF-IDF | Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency |
UMAP | Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection |
URL | Uniform Resource Locator |
WoS | Web of Science |
Appendix A
Topic | Count | Representative Terms |
---|---|---|
−1 | 5377 | city, smart, urban, data, cities, development, paper, information, service, system |
0 | 418 | iot, internet, things, application, service, smart, technology, architecture, platform, device |
1 | 239 | traffic, congestion, road, vehicle, control, intersection, flow, light, time, signal |
2 | 235 | waste, bin, garbage, collection, solid, management, recycling, disposal, trash, system |
3 | 223 | air, pollution, quality, monitoring, sensor, pollutant, pm25, concentration, environmental, health |
4 | 212 | blockchain, security, contract, decentralized, iot, transaction, blockchain-based, technology, privacy, ledger |
5 | 199 | big, data, analytics, processing, bda, smart, hadoop, analysis, architecture, framework |
6 | 183 | node, routing, network, protocol, wireless, sensor, wsn, packet, energy, algorithm |
7 | 150 | charging, electric, evs, ev, vehicle, station, battery, energy, vehicles, power |
8 | 148 | water, wastewater, supply, monitoring, management, groundwater, treatment, system, meter, distribution |
9 | 147 | parking, space, car, spot, driver, slot, system, lot, free, park |
10 | 141 | drone, uavs, uav, unmanned, aerial, flight, drones, vehicle, algorithm, flying |
11 | 136 | vehicle, vehicular, routing, communication, vanet, network, protocol, vanets, delay, scheme |
12 | 130 | lighting, street, light, lamp, led, streetlight, control, system, energy, leds |
13 | 130 | grid, power, energy, load, renewable, electricity, distribution, demand, microgrids, generation |
14 | 127 | evaluation, index, ranking, fuzzy, construction, criterion, weight, indicator, method, multicriteria |
15 | 126 | healthcare, health, patient, medical, patients, disease, care, diagnosis, elderly, monitoring |
16 | 126 | sentiment, twitter, tweet, social, medium, event, text, opinion, emotion, analysis |
17 | 123 | mobility, transport, sustainable, transportation, urban, smart, sustainability, study, city, public |
18 | 123 | bus, passenger, route, transportation, transport, travel, carpooling, public, problem, time |
19 | 109 | electricity, forecasting, energy, power, demand, load, consumption, building, machine, model |
20 | 106 | enterprise, architecture, city, smart, modeling, model, concept, system, integration, process |
21 | 102 | disaster, emergency, fire, response, evacuation, event, management, natural, relief, rescue |
22 | 100 | lorawan, lora, lpwan, network, low, wide, lowpower, sigfox, area, packet |
23 | 99 | design, de, game, space, playful, participatory, urban, ambient, la, theory |
24 | 98 | trust, security, vehicle, vehicular, attack, scheme, malicious, vanet, message, authentication |
25 | 97 | learning, deep, machine, ml, iot, data, dl, internet, things, neural |
26 | 95 | education, campus, university, learning, student, educational, teaching, skill, program, students |
27 | 90 | innovation, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial, knowledge, collaborative, sector, open, literature, public, startup |
28 | 88 | energy, ped, district, building, peds, transition, decision, renewable, european, project |
29 | 88 | intrusion, attack, detection, ids, attacks, learning, security, deep, machine, malware |
30 | 82 | edge, computing, cloud, mec, offloading, resource, server, latency, application, mobile |
31 | 80 | fog, computing, cloud, latency, iot, paradigm, node, service, resource, edge |
32 | 79 | sustainable, sustainability, development, city, environmental, goal, goals, economic, ict, smart |
33 | 76 | effect, china, pilot, carbon, scp, construction, policy, green, emission, innovation |
34 | 76 | covid19, pandemic, health, crisis, epidemic, digital, virus, coronavirus, spread, disease |
35 | 75 | india, mission, indian, indias, rs, urbanization, urban, cities, 100, city |
36 | 72 | prediction, traffic, flow, neural, model, deep, congestion, temporal, graph, shortterm |
37 | 72 | security, cyber, cybersecurity, threat, vulnerability, information, attack, smart, dubai, city |
38 | 72 | image, detection, plate, object, pedestrian, license, reid, deep, reidentification, convolutional |
39 | 70 | noise, sound, acoustic, pollution, level, audio, measurement, microphone, monitoring, environmental |
40 | 69 | tourism, destination, brand, tourist, branding, destinations, hospitality, marketing, los, de |
41 | 68 | china, construction, chinas, chinese, development, city, smart, government, urbanization, smc |
42 | 67 | bicycle, bike, bikesharing, carsharing, sharing, cycling, transport, cyclist, ebikes, mobility |
43 | 63 | acceptance, intention, perceived, adoption, factor, trust, influence, equation, use, expectancy |
44 | 61 | localization, positioning, navigation, gps, indoor, ble, position, ekf, bluetooth, signal |
45 | 61 | mcs, crowdsensing, sensing, mobile, user, participant, recruitment, trustworthiness, participact, task |
46 | 60 | authentication, protocol, security, scheme, secure, user, device, proposed, mobile, iot |
47 | 60 | open, data, government, portal, public, city, transparency, initiative, new, datadriven |
48 | 60 | logistics, freight, delivery, lastmile, transport, mile, distribution, urban, cargo, last |
49 | 60 | discourse, urbanism, heritage, urban, songdo, narrative, metaverse, political, city, smart |
50 | 55 | video, surveillance, camera, edge, cctv, image, frame, processing, computing, retrieval |
51 | 53 | older, elderly, agefriendly, adult, care, frailty, ageing, senior, adults, health |
52 | 50 | ontology, semantic, data, web, linked, knowledge, domain, information, ontologies, personalised |
53 | 50 | citation, research, bibliometric, publication, analysis, topic, journal, literature, scientific, document |
54 | 49 | participation, citizen, citizens, engagement, involvement, eparticipation, public, government, citizenship, citizenry |
55 | 47 | urban, city, digital, development, concept, new, transformation, place, technology, social |
56 | 46 | resilience, resilient, disaster, seismic, hazard, earthquake, capacity, disasters, smartness, index |
57 | 46 | privacy, security, data, protection, citizens, issue, smart, trustless, information, risk |
58 | 44 | 5g, vertical, network, technology, slice, gigabit, fifth, deployment, service, virtualization |
59 | 44 | climate, change, adaptation, roof, green, urban, planning, mitigation, european, earth |
60 | 44 | augmented, reality, ar, immersive, virtual, vr, experience, interaction, technology, 3d |
61 | 44 | 3d, model, tree, shape, building, lidar, geological, citygml, virtual, scene |
62 | 43 | twin, digital, twins, dt, dts, physical, virtual, igb, replica, concept |
63 | 42 | indicator, assessment, dimension, smartness, city, smart, evaluation, smartnesssmart, salatiga, indicators |
64 | 40 | czech, republic, brno, concept, slovak, implementation, municipality, region, poland, slovakia |
65 | 40 | meter, energy, metering, power, grid, consumption, measurement, electrical, management, system |
66 | 39 | ai, artificial, intelligence, robot, robotics, xai, urban, human, research, development |
67 | 38 | face, recognition, facial, image, biometric, biometrics, feature, expression, fingerprint, emotion |
68 | 37 | mobility, human, mobile, train, irma, data, subway, transportation, cellular, trajectory |
69 | 36 | crime, police, criminal, prevention, safety, street, crimes, incident, prism, occurrence |
70 | 36 | manufacturing, 40, industry, production, product, industrial, instructions, instruction, revolution, factory |
71 | 35 | recommendation, recommender, user, poi, filtering, personalized, ecommerce, pois, preference, collaborative |
72 | 35 | accessibility, blind, disability, people, impaired, visuallyimpaired, wheelchair, accessible, urban, information |
73 | 35 | security, iot, threat, attack, vulnerability, iotbased, secure, risk, home, internet |
74 | 32 | governance, institutional, itg, actor, civil, organizational, perspective, smart, local, ecology |
75 | 31 | m2m, lte, simulation, iot, access, simulator, machinetomachine, communication, device, massive |
76 | 31 | antenna, ghz, band, frequency, mimo, gain, mmwave, db, dbi, polarization |
77 | 30 | indonesia, government, egovernment, governance, program, nusantara, ikn, regency, bandung, local |
78 | 30 | anomaly, detection, anomalous, outlier, series, tir, time, data, captchas, seismic |
79 | 30 | traffic, vehicle, road, detection, object, violation, sign, video, counting, image |
80 | 28 | risk, risks, assessment, credit, financial, project, social, management, construction, smart |
81 | 27 | trading, evs, energy, transaction, blockchain, p2p, charging, ev, sg, blockchainbased |
82 | 27 | optical, fso, turbulence, wavelength, transmission, gbps, channel, atmospheric, rofso, link |
83 | 27 | agent, multiagent, parcelrestbox, shopping, agents, customer, product, ordering, system, mots |
84 | 27 | building, bim, automation, buildings, bimiot, iot, integration, sensor, construction, floor |
85 | 26 | lidar, point, 3d, cloud, segmentation, object, synopsis, clouds, autonomous, vehicle |
86 | 25 | reinforcement, traffic, learning, signal, control, rl, agent, reward, intersection, deep |
87 | 25 | definition, concept, term, scp, understanding, literature, sc, city, smart, strategy |
88 | 25 | heat, energy, heating, renewable, thermal, solar, exergetic, cooling, district, pv |
89 | 24 | student, course, students, teaching, elearning, educational, learning, education, teacher, college |
90 | 24 | geospatial, information, gis, geographic, geoportals, cartographic, map, governance, spatial, thinkcities |
91 | 22 | energy, meter, consumption, home, saving, behaviour, ict, res, household, consumers |
92 | 22 | cyberphysical, cpss, cps, cyber, physical, systems, cpsc, world, system, cyberphysicalsocial |
93 | 22 | cultural, heritage, fourhospitality, relic, tourist, museum, intangible, mobile, preservation, tourists |
94 | 22 | capital, ic, intellectual, egyptian, policy, sids, managerial, study, case, framework |
95 | 21 | harvesting, selfpowered, piezoelectric, energy, nanogenerators, triboelectric, solar, power, mechanical, harvester |
96 | 21 | simulation, movement, agentbased, agent, abs, scenario, urban, model, fleet, replicate |
97 | 20 | dashboard, visualization, dashboards, visual, data, adaptable, visualize, urban, analyze, tvdp |
98 | 20 | pattern, trajectory, clustering, multidensity, mining, discover, spatiotemporal, correlated, hotspot, densitybased |
99 | 20 | federated, fl, learning, edge, privacy, training, server, centralized, fedtm, data |
100 | 20 | bim, gis, construction, ifc, shapefile, modeling, information, cim, integration, building |
101 | 19 | rainfall, flood, planting, hyperspectral, prediction, weather, image, crop, meteorological, arrangement |
102 | 19 | urbanism, digital, platform, labor, torontos, alphabet, politics, waterfront, political, sidewalk |
103 | 19 | business, value, model, service, canvas, bmes, framework, bm, case, smart |
104 | 19 | activity, recognition, har, human, home, activities, recognize, accuracy, sensor, labeling |
105 | 18 | blockchain, vehicle, vehicular, consensus, transaction, vehicles, iov, blockchainbased, security, secure |
106 | 17 | gamification, gamified, game, coremm, participation, citizen, engagement, codesign, public, behaviour |
107 | 17 | autonomous, vehicle, driving, fagvs, traffic, fagvinscf, venus, avs, scc, validation |
108 | 17 | parking, occupancy, prediction, space, availability, onstreet, free, min, slot, traffic |
109 | 17 | radio, aps, wifi, cell, channel, mobile, spectrum, converged, scheme, ddsa |
110 | 16 | health, food, ph, cancer, ugss, physical, healthy, social, environmental, sphec |
111 | 16 | governance, ethical, calzada, datadriven, data, policy, cooperatives, technostakeholders, paneuropean, barcelona |
112 | 16 | maturity, model, city, depok, assessment, south, level, colombia, smart, dimension |
113 | 16 | video, surveillance, detection, violence, clip, intrusion, neural, anomaly, vd, ivs |
114 | 16 | social, place, locationbased, people, clustering, tourist, density, activity, profiling, venue |
115 | 15 | lab, living, lls, labs, innovation, virtual, initiative, turin, torino, vending |
116 | 15 | egovernance, egovernment, government, india, governance, eservices, chapter, stuttgart, dubai, maturity |
117 | 15 | shm, structural, monitoring, sensor, structures, bridges, corrosion, wsan, health, ischm |
118 | 15 | crash, road, safety, collision, age, hard, driver, rearend, walkway, telematics |
119 | 15 | qol, csr, perception, citizens, scqol, scd, csgscs, quality, life, young |
120 | 15 | russian, russia, sphere, development, tyumen, tire, concept, tatarstan, petersburg, kazan |
121 | 15 | parking, camera, space, lot, occupancy, image, vacant, gate, detection, car |
122 | 14 | video, streaming, qoe, bandwidth, qos, transcoding, routing, bitrate, quality, adaptive |
123 | 14 | data, aqueducte, sharing, api, xml, dgt, apis, source, aggregation, service |
124 | 14 | energy, renewable, electricity, grid, rei, efficiency, production, realizing, sources, prosumers |
125 | 14 | image, encryption, chaotic, security, medical, scheme, sst, ehr, images, healthcare |
126 | 13 | fiber, optical, fiberoptic, sensor, fault, monitoring, bragg, fibreoptic, strain, multimode |
127 | 13 | nbs, sustainable, indicator, sustainability, assessment, aquaponics, sdg, greenness, citys, environmental |
128 | 13 | pavement, road, rehabilitation, mams, condition, ipavement, pmi, rct, civil, surface |
129 | 12 | sensing, vcs, driveby, coverage, bus, automotive, msigc, metric, spatiotemporal, scanner |
130 | 12 | population, floating, om, information, functional, administration, operator, city, data, kpi |
131 | 12 | disruptive, technology, photonic, living, technologies, cities, sci, internet, discus, web |
132 | 12 | differential, optimization, bso, evolutionary, deepso, swarm, storm, brain, globalbest, particle |
133 | 12 | crowdsourcing, duplicate, crowdsensing, campaign, msmc, report, pcm4de, rhetoric, collective, review |
134 | 12 | ant, colony, swarm, algorithm, mapping, pheromone, aa, firefly, hop, foraging |
135 | 11 | noma, decoding, spectrum, ced, interference, lt, transmission, aoi, softcoap, lhmn |
136 | 11 | housing, settlement, ekurhuleni, informal, audit, development, recreational, welllocated, wlli, subsidized |
137 | 11 | dubai, geoict, oil, dubais, ahmadi, kuwait, arabian, political, saudi, arab |
138 | 11 | mvaas, query, raw, view, data, processing, streams, stream, materialized, i2dlv |
139 | 10 | protection, regulation, gdpr, personal, legal, eu, sll, law, general, data |
140 | 10 | abecities, cloud, access, scheme, attributebased, obfuscation, encryption, authorized, authorization, data |
141 | 10 | crsg, iot, graph, siot, clustering, common, network, discovery, attributed, gn |
142 | 10 | home, automation, hns, appliance, temperature, icsce, android, connected, system, user |
143 | 10 | sec, decarbonisation, energy, transition, sles, projects, barrier, cities4zero, decarbonization, sustainability |
144 | 10 | community, participation, surveillance, researcher, citizen, survey, coh, imago, right, nict |
Topic | Count | Representative Terms |
---|---|---|
−1 | 1072 | city, india, smart, said, also, project, digital, technology, data, government |
0 | 303 | city, smart, cities, urban, data, mission, technology, development, project, infrastructure |
1 | 131 | solar, power, energy, mw, renewable, rooftop, wind, capacity, said, electricity |
2 | 127 | secretary, officer, ias, department, charge, additional, kumar, commissioner, posted, appointed |
3 | 126 | water, supply, river, ganga, rs, drinking, treatment, crore, sewage, urban |
4 | 75 | metro, rail, railway, railways, transport, train, project, corridor, crore, rs |
5 | 61 | waste, plastic, recycling, management, solid, ewaste, environment, packaging, india, tonne |
6 | 59 | india, skill, manufacturing, msmes, industry, product, training, innovation, technology, ai |
7 | 56 | digital, government, egovernance, kerala, service, state, governance, citizen, india, department |
8 | 48 | state, investment, industrial, mou, said, government, signed, business, policy, minister |
9 | 48 | highway, road, project, km, highways, rs, crore, nhai, expressway, construction |
10 | 47 | hospital, covid19, health, patient, medical, care, pandemic, healthcare, patients, doctor |
11 | 46 | security, cyber, cybersecurity, threat, data, attack, business, organization, breach, enterprise |
12 | 44 | estate, real, unit, housing, property, market, sale, home, developer, q1 |
13 | 44 | delhi, bus, metro, taxi, transport, card, station, uber, cab, dmrc |
14 | 41 | iot, device, aeris, m2m, connected, data, internet, things, business, solution |
15 | 41 | led, bulb, eesl, energy, light, street, lighting, ujala, saving, programme |
16 | 41 | toilet, sanitation, swachh, cleanliness, bharat, waste, clean, city, toilets, urban |
17 | 40 | surveillance, security, video, city, smart, safety, camera, police, safe, technology |
18 | 39 | air, pollution, quality, delhi, burning, smog, level, delhis, teri, tower |
19 | 36 | climate, energy, change, emission, global, india, 2030, clean, action, said |
20 | 34 | payment, banking, paytm, bank, digital, cash, upi, payments, merchant, transaction |
21 | 34 | wipro, customer, cloud, global, digital, aws, wipros, sap, company, service |
22 | 33 | housing, house, affordable, urban, scheme, assistance, construction, minister, said, crore |
23 | 33 | grid, power, meter, smart, distribution, energy, transmission, discoms, metering, electricity |
24 | 32 | kuljeet, chahal, gridconnected, encourage, informed, ndmc, medium, member, civic, recently |
25 | 32 | chahal, kuljeet, gridconnected, ndmc, encourage, informed, medium, member, civic, recently |
26 | 32 | police, cctns, criminal, crime, station, policing, delhi, portal, complaint, said |
27 | 31 | startup, startups, woman, hub, ecosystem, entrepreneur, telangana, innovation, thub, program |
28 | 30 | disaster, management, flood, risk, said, rain, earthquake, reduction, district, plan |
29 | 26 | charging, electric, ev, evs, vehicle, transport, station, cesl, public, vehicles |
30 | 26 | ndmc, smart, delhi, civic, municipal, council, grievance, connaught, city, app |
31 | 24 | green, building, sustainable, griha, energy, bamboo, construction, buildings, igbc, design |
32 | 24 | urban, city, cities, urbanization, development, global, population, building, like, india |
33 | 23 | dda, delhi, development, said, land, duda, work, flat, government, agency |
34 | 23 | smart, cities, bw, businessworld, city, sapna, bhardwaj, yes, idea, jury |
35 | 21 | rpa, automation, ai, uipath, robot, technology, human, data, process, intelligence |
36 | 17 | school, education, teacher, child, learning, learner, mentor, classroom, teaching, student |
37 | 17 | gst, tax, bill, rate, sabha, wages, estate, regime, benefit, real |
38 | 16 | wifi, station, railway, google, railtel, facility, hotspot, railways, bsnl, stations |
39 | 16 | business, customer, parking, covid19, crisis, employee, organization, digital, need, time |
40 | 15 | road, safety, accident, death, crash, transport, fatality, traffic, bus, corporates |
41 | 13 | climate, energy, plan, action, change, consumption, city, planyc, greenhouse, gas |
42 | 12 | capital, amaravati, andhra, master, singapore, pradesh, ap, chandrababu, plan, japanese |
43 | 12 | ntt, business, smbs, customer, cloud, digitalization, india, technology, transformation, data |
44 | 12 | port, coastal, gadkari, ports, sagarmala, inland, said, rs, crore, waterway |
45 | 12 | island, andaman, nicobar, kashmir, bagh, prime, modi, connectivity, minister, jsw |
46 | 11 | dell, emc, vxrail, storage, data, vmware, technologies, workload, hci, cloud |
47 | 11 | uk, minister, fadnavis, visit, summit, modi, british, maharashtra, madhya, said |
48 | 11 | cloud, hybrid, citrix, business, organization, microsoft, enterprise, cloudbased, respondent, azure |
49 | 11 | aiib, bank, adb, asian, percent, china, billion, agreement, finance, infrastructure |
50 | 10 | aluva, urban, approval, naidu, development, meeting, respect, minister, gc, unhabitat |
51 | 10 | solar, railways, power, station, panel, railway, plant, mw, depot, installed |
Topic | Count | Representative Terms |
---|---|---|
−1 | 850 | city, urban, street, design, new, building, community, transportation, downtown, architecture |
0 | 292 | smart, cities, city, iot, tech, platform, technology, data, open, digital |
1 | 209 | planning, planner, urban, job, degree, career, planners, design, anyone, designer |
2 | 90 | housing, affordable, crisis, affordability, apartment, house, rent, renters, apartments, lessons |
3 | 60 | transit, bus, public, transportation, shuttle, free, system, america, commuters, beep |
4 | 51 | design, project, urban, software, comfort, im, writing, code, inspiring, engineered |
5 | 45 | rail, highspeed, light, speed, stations, amtrak, high, cost, station, trains |
6 | 42 | future, city, cities, tokyo, spongy, corporate, connected, small, itself, effected |
7 | 40 | light, france, sign, pedestrian, streetlight, lights, lighting, range, french, traffic |
8 | 39 | zoning, ordinance, housing, policy, commission, minneapolis, singlefamily, based, reform, code |
9 | 38 | street, art, streets, public, london, legitimacy, hate, vandalism, stroad, artistic |
10 | 38 | walkable, heat, walkability, sidewalks, extreme, neighborhood, tropical, climates, uphill, cardependency |
11 | 37 | bike, bikes, ebikes, important, cycling, cyclist, electric, ebike, driving, bicycle |
12 | 35 | parking, space, lot, richmond, minimum, repeal, fee, yard, driver, replacing |
13 | 33 | car, carfree, dependency, american, carcentric, gas, evs, eliminating, dependent, lets |
14 | 32 | career, job, advice, grad, school, bimonthly, graduate, thread, education, academiccareer |
15 | 30 | urbanism, city, modernism, amazons, return, urbanists, beyond, perfect, live, opinion |
16 | 27 | lane, bike, picture, left, protected, emergency, right, lanes, overpass, turn |
17 | 25 | suburban, rural, town, village, tx, sprawl, tiny, suburbs, areas, growth |
18 | 24 | noise, air, pollution, quality, quiet, sound, monitoring, reduce, din, mostly |
19 | 20 | park, france, parks, central, mixed, use, old, station, repurposing, shoups |
20 | 20 | interview, advice, internship, tips, first, expect, interviewing, position, prepare, job |
21 | 19 | california, californias, earthquake, flaw, role, law, granny, woe, easing, surprising |
22 | 19 | tree, trees, forest, usc, climate, summer, third, researcher, extreme, resident |
23 | 18 | office, conversions, converting, building, empty, 11,000, offices, that, hard, says |
24 | 18 | book, urban, recommendations, planning, books, designplanning, slums, politics, shape, story |
25 | 18 | korea, south, seoul, apartment, built, class, complex, jugong, supplied, wirye |
26 | 17 | road, widening, roads, stroads, highway, suburb, shrink, conventional, se, webcast |
27 | 17 | malls, mall, shopping, thoughts, bring, used, may, walmart, residences, substitute |
28 | 17 | japan, paradise, snow, tokyo, japans, vietnams, anticar, became, concrete, carcentric |
29 | 15 | deaths, death, safety, road, hasnt, fatality, hoboken, traffic, years, pedestrian |
30 | 14 | gentrification, food, condo, tastes, trends, displacement, politics, lead, development, neighborhoods |
31 | 14 | jacobs, jane, book, death, life, review, enjoy, american, hope, great |
32 | 13 | lawn, water, lawns, grass, court, plant, climate, droughtfriendly, norm, dwindles |
33 | 13 | saudi, arabia, riyadh, desert, worlds, mega, theme, billion, modern, largest |
34 | 13 | aicp, experience, exam, pas, week, education, dtlls, diploma, det, eit |
35 | 13 | congestion, pricing, toll, vehicle, wins, everybody, impacts, york, environmental, plan |
36 | 12 | land, tax, value, property, amendment, rising, 14th, ownership, flooded, depend |
37 | 12 | skyscrapers, skyscraper, construction, buildings, reuses, towering, emotionally, straddling, 101, 2700 |
38 | 11 | traffic, cameras, speeding, crashes, limit, control, reduce, light, speed, anticipating |
39 | 10 | build, construction, america, created, europe, honestlycan, bubbles, enuf, leaked, mainland |
40 | 10 | berlin, bchle, freiburg, germany, 5 min, useful, canal, 8 lane, constructing, berlins |
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Module | Use | URL | License |
---|---|---|---|
BERTopic | Topic modeling and visualizations | https://maartengr.github.io/BERTopic/index.html accessed on 30 July 2023 | MIT |
NLTK | Natural language toolkit | https://www.nltk.org/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | Apache 2.0 |
Feedparser | RSS feed parsing | https://github.com/kurtmckee/feedparser/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | BSD-2 |
Requests | HTTP requests | https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | Apache 2.0 |
BeautifulSoup | Web scraping | https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | MIT |
Asyncpraw | Reddit wrapper | https://asyncpraw.readthedocs.io/en/stable/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | Simplified BSD |
Matplotlib | Visualization library | https://matplotlib.org/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | BSD |
Pandas | Data analysis and manipulation | https://pandas.pydata.org/ accessed on 30 July 2023 | BSD-3 |
Common | Abstracts | Blog Posts | Social Media Posts |
---|---|---|---|
Air pollution | Accessibility | Administration | Career |
Bicycles | Ageing | Automation | Food |
Buildings | Antennas | Banking | Green spaces |
Carbon emissions | Artificial Intelligence | Business | Railroad |
Climate | Authentication | Crime | Road safety |
Electric vehicles | Autonomous driving | Disaster management | Shopping |
Healthcare | Big data | Education | Sidewalks |
Housing | Blockchain | E-governance | Street art |
Infrastructure | City architecture | Innovation | Suburban |
IoT | Cyber-physical model | Investments | Urban planning |
Noise pollution | Dashboard | Lighting | Urbanism |
Parking space | Disaster management | Ports | |
Public transportation | Edge computing | Railways | |
Security | Education | RES | |
Smart grid | E-governance | Road safety | |
Sustainability | Fiber-optical | Sanitation | |
Traffic management | Indicators | Surveillance | |
Waste management | Industry | Taxes | |
Water management | Innovation | ||
City | Intrusion detection | ||
Logistics | |||
Machine learning | |||
Networks | |||
Participation | |||
Positioning | |||
Privacy | |||
Recommendations | |||
Semantics | |||
Sensors | |||
Social media | |||
Technology | |||
Tourism |
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Kousis, A.; Tjortjis, C. Investigating the Key Aspects of a Smart City through Topic Modeling and Thematic Analysis. Future Internet 2024, 16, 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010003
Kousis A, Tjortjis C. Investigating the Key Aspects of a Smart City through Topic Modeling and Thematic Analysis. Future Internet. 2024; 16(1):3. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleKousis, Anestis, and Christos Tjortjis. 2024. "Investigating the Key Aspects of a Smart City through Topic Modeling and Thematic Analysis" Future Internet 16, no. 1: 3. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi16010003