Image of a City through Big Data Analytics: Colombo from the Lens of Geo-Coded Social Media Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background of the Literature
2.1. Image of a City and Its Elements
2.2. Image of a City and Social Media Big Data
2.3. Social Media Analytics
3. Research Design
3.1. Case Study
3.2. Social Media Analytics with the CUP Framework
3.2.1. Capture: Twitter and Instagram Data
3.2.2. Understand and Present
Descriptive Analysis
Image Processing
Sentiment Analysis
Popularity Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Analysis
4.2. Image Processing
4.3. Sentiment Analysis
4.4. Popularity Analysis
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Place Name and Code | Number of Photos | Prediction Class | Probability | Lynchian Category |
---|---|---|---|---|
Altair Residential Condominium (ARC) | 25 | Skyscraper | 51.98% | Landmark |
Arcade Independence Square (AIS) | 30 | Mosque/Outdoor | 31.34% | Landmark |
Beddagana Wetland Park (BWP) | 28 | Broadwalk | 72.48% | District |
Beira Lake (BL) | 30 | Canal | 42.81% | Edge |
Bellanvila Park (BP) | 28 | Park | 32.46% | District |
Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH) | 30 | Elevator lobby | 22.94% | Landmark |
Borella Cemetery (BC) | 25 | Cemetery | 75.40% | Landmark |
Colombo City Center (CCC) | 30 | Department Store | 47.91% | Landmark |
Diyatha Uyana (DU) | 25 | Park | 25.36% | District |
Colombo Fort (CF) | 25 | Library | 21.52% | District |
Galle Face (GF) | 30 | Ocean | 22.62% | Edge |
Galle Face Hotel (GFH) | 30 | Ballroom | 30.78% | Landmark |
Gangaramaya Temple (GT) | 25 | Temple | 40.98% | Landmark |
Hilton Hotel (HH) | 28 | Hotel | 42.35% | Landmark |
Kelaniya Temple (KT) | 15 | Temple | 57.16% | Landmark |
Kingsbury Hotel (KH) | 30 | Hotel/Outdoor | 45.87 | Landmark |
Liberty Plaza Building (LPB) | 30 | Department Store | 36.96% | Landmark |
Lotus Tower (LT) | 30 | Tower | 42.21% | Landmark |
Mount Lavinia Beach (MLB) | 30 | Beach | 27.41% | Edge |
One Galle Face Building (OGFB) | 30 | Skyscraper | 33.44% | Landmark |
Parliament (P) | 15 | Legislative Chamber | 59.2% | Landmark |
Pettah Market (PM) | 28 | Bazaar | 43.13% | District |
Port City (PC) | 30 | Harbor | 28.07% | District |
Savoy Cinema (SC) | 25 | Movie Theatre | 32.53% | Landmark |
Shangri La Hotel (SLH) | 30 | Hotel | 45.64% | Landmark |
Viharamahadevi Park (VP) | 30 | Park | 55.60% | District |
World Trade Center (WTC) | 25 | Skyscraper | 60.06% | Landmark |
Zoo (Zoo) | 25 | Aquarium | 31.99% | District |
Total | 762 |
Place Name and Code | Lynchian Category | 2015/16 | 2017/18 | 2019/20 | C%P | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | N | T | % P | P | N | T | % P | P | N | T | % P | |||
Altair Residential Condominium (ARC) | Landmark | 2 | 1 | 3 | 66.67% | 40 | 3 | 43 | 93.02% | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.00% | 86.56% |
Arcade Independence Square (AIS) | Landmark | 16 | 0 | 16 | 100.00% | 20 | 4 | 24 | 83.33% | 21 | 7 | 28 | 75.00% | 86.11% |
Beddagana Wetland Park (BWP) | District | 15 | 0 | 15 | 100.00% | 22 | 0 | 22 | 100.00% | 7 | 1 | 8 | 87.50% | 95.83% |
Beira Lake (BL) | Edge | 12 | 7 | 19 | 63.15% | 13 | 7 | 20 | 65% | 11 | 6 | 17 | 64.75% | 64.30% |
Bellanvila Park (BP) | District | 122 | 1 | 123 | 99.19% | 47 | 2 | 49 | 95.92% | 20 | 8 | 28 | 71.43% | 88.85% |
Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH) | Landmark | 268 | 10 | 278 | 96.40% | 80 | 7 | 87 | 91.95% | 59 | 7 | 66 | 89.39% | 92.58% |
Borella Cemetery (BC) | Landmark | 13 | 3 | 16 | 81.25% | 2 | 1 | 3 | 66.67% | 4 | 1 | 5 | 80.00% | 75.97% |
Colombo City Center (CCC) | Landmark | 8 | 1 | 9 | 88.89% | 13 | 1 | 14 | 92.86% | 25 | 0 | 25 | 100.00% | 93.92% |
Colombo Fort (CF) | District | 202 | 31 | 233 | 86.70% | 183 | 21 | 204 | 89.71% | 101 | 12 | 113 | 89.38% | 88.60% |
Diyatha Park (DP) | District | 5 | 0 | 5 | 100.00% | 6 | 2 | 8 | 75.00% | 4 | 2 | 6 | 66.67% | 80.56% |
Galle Face (GF) | Edge | 106 | 37 | 143 | 74.13% | 128 | 15 | 143 | 89.51% | 256 | 13 | 269 | 95.17% | 86.27% |
Galle Face Hotel (GFH) | Landmark | 169 | 4 | 173 | 97.69% | 257 | 19 | 276 | 93.12% | 153 | 11 | 164 | 93.29% | 94.70% |
Gangaramaya Temple (GT) | Landmark | 225 | 14 | 239 | 94.14% | 168 | 11 | 179 | 93.85% | 24 | 1 | 25 | 96.00% | 94.66% |
Hilton Hotel (HH) | Landmark | 122 | 18 | 140 | 87.14% | 164 | 16 | 180 | 91.11% | 41 | 5 | 46 | 89.13% | 89.13% |
Kelaniya Temple (KT) | Landmark | 34 | 7 | 41 | 82.93% | 22 | 7 | 29 | 75.86% | 39 | 8 | 47 | 82.98% | 80.59% |
Kingsbury Hotel (KH) | Landmark | 322 | 19 | 341 | 94.43% | 217 | 12 | 229 | 94.76% | 314 | 11 | 325 | 96.62% | 95.27% |
Liberty Plaza Building (LPB) | Landmark | 118 | 2 | 120 | 98.33% | 298 | 3 | 301 | 99.00% | 41 | 14 | 55 | 74.55% | 90.63% |
Lotus Tower (LT) | Landmark | 102 | 25 | 135 | 75.55% | 135 | 17 | 152 | 88.81% | 100 | 16 | 116 | 86.2% | 83.52% |
Mount Lavinia Beach (MLB) | Edge | 78 | 5 | 83 | 93.98% | 65 | 7 | 72 | 90.28% | 36 | 2 | 38 | 94.74% | 93.00% |
One Galle Face Building (OGFB) | Landmark | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 77 | 6 | 83 | 92.77% | 30.92% |
Parliament (P) | Landmark | 14 | 7 | 21 | 66.66% | 6 | 3 | 9 | 66.7% | 3 | 2 | 5 | 60.00% | 64.45% |
Pettah Market (PM) | District | 218 | 80 | 298 | 73.15% | 130 | 23 | 153 | 84.97% | 27 | 8 | 35 | 77.14% | 78.42% |
Port City (PC) | District | 22 | 6 | 28 | 78.57% | 47 | 12 | 59 | 79.66% | 28 | 13 | 41 | 68.28% | 75.50% |
Savoy Cinema (SC) | Landmark | 261 | 7 | 268 | 97.39% | 108 | 3 | 111 | 97.30% | 15 | 1 | 16 | 93.75% | 96.15% |
Shangri La Hotel (SLH) | Landmark | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A | 24 | 3 | 27 | 88.89% | 38 | 3 | 41 | 92.68% | 60.52% |
Viharamahadevi Park (VP) | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | 100.00% | 3 | 1 | 4 | 75.00% | 2 | 1 | 3 | 66.67% | 80.56% |
World Trade Center (WTC) | Landmark | 3 | 3 | 100.00% | 7 | 0 | 7 | 100.00% | 9 | 2 | 11 | 81.82% | 93.94% | |
Zoo (Zoo) | District | 5 | 1 | 6 | 83.33% | 3 | 2 | 5 | 60.00% | 8 | 5 | 13 | 61.54% | 68.29% |
Total | 2758 | 2410 | 1637 |
Place Code | Lynchian Category | Date | Text | Geo-coordinate | Sentiment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARC | Landmark | 13 March 06:18:32 +0000 2021 | Altair Colombo #cmb Sri Lanka next best thing architecture #Altair | 6.91862, 79.8541 | Positive |
CCC | Landmark | 23 November 16:13:07 +0000 2021 | We do not remember days, we remember moments friends happy Sunday movies Scope Cinema Gold Class at CCC | 6.9176001, 79.85552449 | Positive |
BWP | District | 12 January 11:30:35 +0000 2017 | Beautiful greenish naturephotography Beddagana Wetland Park | 6.89136398, 79.90899324 | Positive |
DP | District | 9 August 14:54:01 +0000 2020 | Diyatha Uyana then and now low maintenance, fading 3D arts | 6.9045, 79.9098 | Negative |
BL | Edge | 18 May 03:23:00 +0000 2017 | The remote and picturesque view of Colombo from the historic beiralake | 6.93333333, 79.85 | Positive |
Zoo | District | 1 February 03:56 00 +0000 2022 | Reality of Sri Lanka’s National Zoological Gardens at Dehiwala. Elephants being trained for any performance is cruel. This is slavery. #DehiwalaZooCruelty #SayNoToCaptivity #CaptivityIsCruel #SayNoToElephantSlavery #DehiwalaZoo #ShermilaOut #ElephantAbuse | 6.85680556, 79.87288889 | Negative |
Place Code | Frequently Used Words |
---|---|
GF (Landmark) | Photo (39), sunset (35), beautiful (14), time (14), night (11), view (11), evening (11) |
AIS (Landmark) | Time (24), night (23), evening (17), love (15), selfie (15), life (14), friends (13), good (12), architecture (11), lounge (11), tea (10) |
CF (District) | Station (278), railway (272), café (34), train (18), Dutch (13) |
KH (Landmark) | Sky (32), night (30), love (21), view (21), time (19), good (18), dinner (16), life (14), party (14), sunset (14), family (13), happy (13), harbor (13), good times (12), evening (11), travel (10) |
HH (Landmark) | Photo (125), night (57), dinner (51), ballroom (41), good (29), Christmas (24), life (21), party (21), happy (19), poolside (17), love (15), #beautiful (14), beautiful (14), graze (14), thank (14), #love (13), #oktoberfest (13), #weddings (13), best (13), grand (13), view (13), #family (12), #life (12), #travel (12), tower (11), video (11), |
MLB (Edge) | Beach (53), hotel (27), sunset (21), family (15), #mountleviniabeach (15), #mountlaviniahotel (15), sea (10) |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Abesinghe, S.; Kankanamge, N.; Yigitcanlar, T.; Pancholi, S. Image of a City through Big Data Analytics: Colombo from the Lens of Geo-Coded Social Media Data. Future Internet 2023, 15, 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15010032
Abesinghe S, Kankanamge N, Yigitcanlar T, Pancholi S. Image of a City through Big Data Analytics: Colombo from the Lens of Geo-Coded Social Media Data. Future Internet. 2023; 15(1):32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15010032
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbesinghe, Sandulika, Nayomi Kankanamge, Tan Yigitcanlar, and Surabhi Pancholi. 2023. "Image of a City through Big Data Analytics: Colombo from the Lens of Geo-Coded Social Media Data" Future Internet 15, no. 1: 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi15010032