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Pharmaceutics
Volume 17
Issue 11
10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview

by
Liliana Aranda-Lara
1,
Alondra Escudero-Castellanos
1,
Maydelid Trujillo-Nolasco
1,*,
Enrique Morales-Avila
2,
Blanca Ocampo-García
3,
Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja
1,
Virginia Sánchez-Monroy
4 and
Keila Isaac-Olivé
1,*
1
Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Estado de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Toxicología y Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50120, Estado de México, Mexico
3
Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Estado de México, Mexico
4
Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomás 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(11), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408
Submission received: 30 July 2025 / Revised: 29 September 2025 / Accepted: 3 October 2025 / Published: 30 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics, Vaccines, and Drug Delivery Vehicles)
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Abstract

Introduction: Gene therapy using siRNA is a current area of research in oncology. Although siRNA formulations have not yet been approved for cancer therapy, numerous studies have demonstrated their therapeutic potential for tumor remission. Objective: To provide an overview of the formulations designed and developed to date based on synthetic siRNA for systemic administration to silence cancer genes. Methodology: A thorough search was conducted using the keywords “siRNA”, “therapy”, and “cancer”, with further classification of the resulting works into the various topics addressed in this review. Results: This review encompasses a wide range of aspects, from the design of siRNA using bioinformatics tools to the primary cellular signals and mechanisms targeted for inhibition in cancer therapy. It describes the primary chemical modifications made to siRNA chains to enhance stability, improve bioavailability, and ensure their binding to nanocarrier systems. siRNA formulations ranging from simple conjugates with biomolecules and small molecules to organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, which are examined focusing on their advantages and disadvantages. The significance of nanosystems in dual therapy, including siRNA, for developing personalized treatments that achieve better outcomes is emphasized. Conclusions: Personalized cancer therapy appears to be the preferred approach for oncological treatments. To progress, strategies need to be tailored to the patient’s genetic profile. siRNA therapies provide a flexible platform for targeting and inhibiting critical oncogenes, enhancing the prospects of genomics-guided, patient-specific therapies.
Keywords: cancer gene therapy; siRNA transporter systems; cell signaling targets; siRNA therapy cancer gene therapy; siRNA transporter systems; cell signaling targets; siRNA therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Aranda-Lara, L.; Escudero-Castellanos, A.; Trujillo-Nolasco, M.; Morales-Avila, E.; Ocampo-García, B.; Oros-Pantoja, R.; Sánchez-Monroy, V.; Isaac-Olivé, K. Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408

AMA Style

Aranda-Lara L, Escudero-Castellanos A, Trujillo-Nolasco M, Morales-Avila E, Ocampo-García B, Oros-Pantoja R, Sánchez-Monroy V, Isaac-Olivé K. Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(11):1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aranda-Lara, Liliana, Alondra Escudero-Castellanos, Maydelid Trujillo-Nolasco, Enrique Morales-Avila, Blanca Ocampo-García, Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja, Virginia Sánchez-Monroy, and Keila Isaac-Olivé. 2025. "Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 11: 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408

APA Style

Aranda-Lara, L., Escudero-Castellanos, A., Trujillo-Nolasco, M., Morales-Avila, E., Ocampo-García, B., Oros-Pantoja, R., Sánchez-Monroy, V., & Isaac-Olivé, K. (2025). Small Interfering RNA Carriers for Oncotherapy: A Preclinical Overview. Pharmaceutics, 17(11), 1408. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111408

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