Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Leaf Extract Fermented by Ganoderma applanatum Mycelia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents Used in This Study
2.2. Antibodies Used in This Study
2.3. Extraction of 70COL and 70COLGA
2.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Fingerprint Analysis
2.5. Total Polyphenolic Compound Content Assay
2.6. Total Flavonoid Compound Content Assay
2.7. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity Assay
2.8. ABTS+ Radical Scavenging Activity Assay
2.9. Cell Line and Culture
2.10. Cell Viability Assay
2.11. Nitric Oxide (NO) Assay
2.12. Western Blot
2.13. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
2.14. Cytokine Array
2.15. Conditioned Medium (CM) from LPS-Induced Macrophages and Heat-Inactivated CM
2.16. Dataset Analysis
2.17. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. HPLC Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of the 70COL and 70COLGA
3.2. 70COLGA Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells
3.3. 70COLGA Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production and STAT Activation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells
3.4. 70COLGA Suppresses Pro-Inflammatory Molecules in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells
3.5. 70COLGA Directly Inhibited STAT Activation in RAW264.7 Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Direction | Sequence (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
iNOS (mouse) | Forward | CAGCACAGGAAATGTTTCAGC |
Reverse | TAGCCAGCGTACCGGATGA | |
COX-2 (mouse) | Forward | TTTGGTCTGGTGCCTGGTC |
Reverse | CTGCTGGTTTGGAATAGTTGCTC | |
TNF-α (mouse) | Forward | TATGGCTCAGGGTCCAACTC |
Reverse | CTCCCTTTGCAGAACTCAGG | |
IL-1β (mouse) | Forward | TTGACGGACCCCAAAAGATG |
Reverse | AGAAGGTGCTCATGTCCTCA | |
IL-6 (mouse) | Forward | GGTGACAACCACGGCCTTCCC |
Reverse | AAGCCTCCGACTTGTGAAGTGGT | |
GAPDH (mouse) | Forward | GCAAATTCAACGGCACAG |
Reverse | CACCAGTAGACTCCACGAC |
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Kim, C.-H.; Kwon, Y.-J.; Jang, Y.-A. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Leaf Extract Fermented by Ganoderma applanatum Mycelia. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030365
Kim C-H, Kwon Y-J, Jang Y-A. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Leaf Extract Fermented by Ganoderma applanatum Mycelia. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(3):365. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030365
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Chae-Hyun, Yong-Jin Kwon, and Young-Ah Jang. 2024. "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. Leaf Extract Fermented by Ganoderma applanatum Mycelia" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 3: 365. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16030365