Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Oncolytic Viruses
3. Aptamers
4. Applications of Aptamers
4.1. Use of the Aptamers as Drug Delivery Vehicles
4.2. The Use of the Aptamers for Diagnostics and Detection of Tumor Cells
4.3. Aptamers Used to Increase the Antitumor Efficacy of an Oncolytic Virus
4.3.1. Use of the Aptamers to Shield the Oncolytic Virus from the Binding by Neutralizing Antibodies
4.3.2. Aptamers Change the Binding Specificity of Viruses
4.3.3. Aptamers as Cryoprotectors of Oncolytic Viruses and Aggregation Inhibitors
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Shielding the virus from neutralizing antibodies;
- (2)
- Increasing the targeting and specificity of the viral particles;
- (3)
- Cryoprotective and anti-aggregative properties of the oligonucleotides bound to oncolytic viruses during transportation and storage.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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№ | The Name of Aptamers | Virus | Targets | Mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 41-nucleotide DNA aptamer | Bacteriophage MS2 | Tyrosine kinase receptor on Jurkat T cells | cell binding, endocytosis, and translocation to lysosomes for degradation | [99] |
2 | RNA aptamer | VLPs from bacteriophage Qβ | heteroaryldihydropyrimidine structure | development of encapsulation technique | [100] |
3 | DNA aptamers | VSV | Fab of anti–VSV pAbs | shielding virus from nAbs | [49] |
4 | Tetramer of DNA aptamers | VSV | Fab of anti–VSV pAbs, VSVs | shielding the virus from nAbs, increasing infectivity | [50] |
5 | Quadramer of DNA aptamers | VSV | Fab of anti–VSV pAbs | Prevention of virus aggregation, protection against nAbs, cryoprotection | [98] |
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Dymova, M.A.; Kichkailo, A.S.; Kuligina, E.V.; Richter, V.A. Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010151
Dymova MA, Kichkailo AS, Kuligina EV, Richter VA. Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1):151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010151
Chicago/Turabian StyleDymova, Maya A., Anna S. Kichkailo, Elena V. Kuligina, and Vladimir A. Richter. 2023. "Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1: 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010151
APA StyleDymova, M. A., Kichkailo, A. S., Kuligina, E. V., & Richter, V. A. (2023). Aptamers Enhance Oncolytic Viruses’ Antitumor Efficacy. Pharmaceutics, 15(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010151