Hyaluronan/Poly-L-lysine/Berberine Nanogels for Impaired Wound Healing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preliminary Design of Nanogels
2.3. Light Scattering
2.4. Stability after Freeze-Drying
2.5. Selected Nanogels Preparation and Berberine Loading
2.6. Nanogels Morphology
2.7. Berberine Release Studies
2.8. In Vitro Fibroblasts Migration Assay
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Nanogels Formulative Studies
3.2. Nanogels Characterization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code | ε-PL Solution | HA Solution | Molar Ratio nε-PL/nHA | Post-Centrifugation | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V (mL) | Conc (mg/mL) | V (mL) | Conc (mg/mL) | MW (kDa) | Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) | ||
A | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 200 | 1.5 | 200.4 ± 4.4 | 0.161 ± 0.017 | −38.8 ± 0.1 |
B | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 200 | 3 | 505.7 ± 14.7 | 0.673 ± 0.056 | −0.05 ± 0.14 |
C | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 200 | 1.2 | 244.7 ± 4.0 | 0.089 ± 0.024 | −38.8 ± 0.5 |
D | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 200 | 1.5 | 254.7 ± 27.6 | 0.447 ± 0.060 | −51.1 ± 2.6 |
E | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 700 | 1.5 | 206.7 ± 8.5 | 0.207 ± 0.022 | −40.9 ± 2.5 |
F | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 700 | 1.2 | 279.7 ± 9.4 | 0.256 ± 0.005 | −55.4 ± 2.77 |
G | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 700 | 1.5 | 243.6 ± 16.1 | 0.426 ± 0.046 | 1.18 ± 0.06 |
H | 1 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 1200 | 1.5 | 277.5 ± 5.7 | 0.273 ± 0.18 | −44.2 ± 2.21 |
I | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 1200 | 1.2 | Macrogelation | ||
L | 2.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 5 | 1200 | 1.5 | Macrogelation |
Sample | Particle Size (nm) | PDI | ZP (mV) | Yield (%) | EE (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NG6B‡ | 207.9 ± 7.3 | 0.232 ± 0.019 | +40.9 ± 4.6 | ≈40 | - |
NG6L§ | 245.2 ± 11.2 | 0.208 ± 0.050 | +38.2 ± 1.6 | ≈50 | ≈10 |
NG7B# | 195.5 ± 9.9 | 0.169 ± 0.076 | +36.0 ± 5.1 | ≈40 | - |
NG7L * | 222.8 ± 19.4 | 0.136 ± 0.060 | +37.7 ± 0.8 | ≈30 | ≈10 |
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Amato, G.; Grimaudo, M.A.; Alvarez-Lorenzo, C.; Concheiro, A.; Carbone, C.; Bonaccorso, A.; Puglisi, G.; Musumeci, T. Hyaluronan/Poly-L-lysine/Berberine Nanogels for Impaired Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010034
Amato G, Grimaudo MA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Concheiro A, Carbone C, Bonaccorso A, Puglisi G, Musumeci T. Hyaluronan/Poly-L-lysine/Berberine Nanogels for Impaired Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010034
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmato, Giovanni, Maria Aurora Grimaudo, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Angel Concheiro, Claudia Carbone, Angela Bonaccorso, Giovanni Puglisi, and Teresa Musumeci. 2021. "Hyaluronan/Poly-L-lysine/Berberine Nanogels for Impaired Wound Healing" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13010034