Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Genomic Organization
3. Mechanisms of Genetic Changes in BVDV Genomes
4. BVDV Variability
5. Global Distribution of BVDV Subgenotypes
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | ? | a | b | c | d | ? | ||||
Argentina | 5′UTR, Npro, E2 | 1984–2010 | 23 | 36 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 4 | (I) |
Brazil | 5′UTR, Npro, E2 | 1994–2016 | 54 | 20 | 4 | 24 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 2 | 50 | - | - | 3 | (II) |
Peru and Chile | 5′UTR | 1993–2004 | 3 | 29 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | (III) |
USA | 5′UTR, Npro, E2 | 1971–2015 | 184 | 652 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 129 | 4 | - | - | 125 | (IV) |
Canada | 5′UTR | 1990–1993 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | (V) |
Uruguay | 5′UTR, Npro | 2014 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | (VI) |
Total number | 277 | 738 | 6 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 7 | 139 | 59 | 1 | 1 | 137 |
Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | a | b | c | d | ||||
Australia | 5′UTR, Npro | 1971–2005 | 13 | 1 | 425 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | (I) |
Total number | 13 | 1 | 425 | 4 |
Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | ? | a | b | c | d | ? | ||||
Egypt | 5′UTR, Npro | 1994–2004 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (I) |
Tunisia | 5′UTR, Npro | 2001–2002 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | (II) |
South Africa | 5′UTR | 1990–2009 | 31 | 13 | 20 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | (III) |
Total number | 31 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 1 | 20 | 3 |
Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | ? | a | b | c | d | ? | ||||
China | 5′UTR, Npro, E2 | 2005–2013 | 15 | 113 | 17 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 116 | - | 5 | 9 | 14 | - | - | - | 22 | 10 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 12 | (I) |
India | 5′UTR, Npro, Erns-E1, E2, NS5B | 2000–2010 | - | 23 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | (II) |
Philippine | E2 | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (III) |
Japan | 5′UTR, Npro | 1975–2006 | 216 | 558 | 226 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 315 | - | - | - | 2 | (IV) |
Korea | 5′UTR | 2005–2015 | 21 | 6 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18 | - | - | - | 1 | (V) |
Mongolia | 5′UTR | 2014 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | (VI) |
Total number | 256 | 703 | 251 | 13 | 4 | 117 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 22 | 12 | 342 | 2 | 15 |
Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | ? | a | b | c | d | ? | ||||
Austria | 5′UTR, Npro | 1997–2006 | 4 | 52 | - | 33 | 6 | 142 | 7 | 154 | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 | (I) |
Belgium | E2 | 1991–2002 | 1 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 6 | - | - | - | 7 | (II) |
Croatia | 5′UTR, Npro | 2007–2011 | - | 11 | - | - | - | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (III) |
Czech Republic | 5′UTR, Npro | 2004–2007 | - | 16 | - | 16 | 2 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (IV) |
Denmark | 5′UTR, E2 | 1962–2012 | - | 16 | - | 32 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (V) |
Finland | 5′UTR, Npro | 1994–2004 | - | - | - | 5 | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (VI) |
France | 5′UTR, Npro | 1993–2005 | 3 | 15 | - | 3 | 46 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3▲ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | (VII) |
Germany | 5′UTR, E2 | 1960–2014 | 1 | 31 | - | 24 | 24 | 65 | 3 | 17 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | 16 | - | - | (VIII) |
Hungary | 5′UTR, Npro | 1971–1998 | - | 2 | - | - | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (IX) |
Ireland | 5′UTR | 1968–2014 | 428 | 19 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | (X) |
Italy | 5′UTR, Npro | 1966–2016 | 16 | 193 | 2 | 27 | 141 | 55 | 8 | 20 | - | - | 3 | 1▲ | - | - | - | - | - | 2▲ | 1 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 10 | - | - | - | 5 | (XI) |
Kosovo | 5′UTR | 2011 | - | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (XII) |
Poland | 5′UTR, Npro | 2004–2011 | - | 31 | - | 24 | - | 8 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | (XIII) |
Portugal | 5′UTR | - | 6 | 19 | - | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | (XIV) |
Slovakia | 5′UTR, Npro | 1994–2004 | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | (XV) |
Slovenia | 5′UTR, Npro, C | 1997–2006 | - | 4 | - | 17 | 1 | 21 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (XVI) |
Spain | 5′UTR, Npro | 1989–2015 | 3 | 162 | 2 | 9 | 8 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 6 | - | - | - | (XVII) |
Sweden | 5′UTR, Npro | 2002–2004 | 7 | 28 | - | 77 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | (XVIII) | |
Switzerland | 5′UTR, Npro | 2008–2012 | - | 35 | - | - | 137 | 1 | - | 114 | - | - | 71 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | (XIX) |
Turkey | 5′UTR, Npro, C, Erns, E2 | 1997–2012 | 7 | 11 | - | 7 | - | 20 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | 34▲ | - | - | - | - | - | 3▲ | - | - | - | 7 | 5 | 1 | - | - | 14 | (XX) |
United Kingdom | 5′UTR, Npro | 1966–2011 | 390 | 65 | - | 2 | 5 | 1 | - | - | 23 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | 7 | - | - | - | - | (XXI) |
Total number | 866 | 732 | 4 | 281 | 376 | 334 | 21 | 309 | 24 | 3 | 79 | 39 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 | 50 | 9 | 28 | 32 |
Country | Genomic Region | Year of Isolation | BVDV-1 | BVDV-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | ? | a | b | c | d | ? | |||
Americas | 5′UTR, Npro, E2 | 1971–2010 | 277 | 738 | 6 | 24 | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | 139 | 59 | 1 | 1 | 137 |
Australia | 5′UTR, Npro | 1971–2005 | 13 | 1 | 425 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | - | - |
Africa | 5′UTR, Npro | 1994–2004 | 31 | 19 | 20 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 | 3 | - | - | - | - |
Asia | 5′UTR, Npro, Erns-E1, E2, NS5B | 1975–2012 | 256 | 703 | 251 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | - | - | 117 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | - | - | 22 | 12 | 342 | 2 | - | - | 15 | |
Europe | 5′UTR, Npro, C, Erns, E2 | 1962–2012 | 866 | 732 | 4 | 281 | 376 | 334 | 21 | 309 | 24 | 3 | 79 | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 | 50 | 9 | 28 | - | 32 |
Total number/individual subgenotype | 1443 | 2193 | 706 | 338 | 377 | 334 | 21 | 309 | 26 | 8 | 79 | 39 | 117 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 63 | 538 | 70 | 29 | 1 | 184 | ||
Total number/species | 6117 | 822 |
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Yeşilbağ, K.; Alpay, G.; Becher, P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017, 9, 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060128
Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses. 2017; 9(6):128. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060128
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeşilbağ, Kadir, Gizem Alpay, and Paul Becher. 2017. "Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus" Viruses 9, no. 6: 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/v9060128