Viruses 2017, 9(10), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/v9100281
Current Peptide and Protein Candidates Challenging HIV Therapy beyond the Vaccine Era
1
Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
3
Institute of Research in Infectious Diseases, CNRS UMR9004, University of Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
4
Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
5
Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 12 August 2017 / Revised: 27 September 2017 / Accepted: 28 September 2017 / Published: 29 September 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Homage to Mark Wainberg)
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can slow down the replication of HIV-1, leading to an improvement in the survival of HIV-1-infected patients. However, drug toxicities and poor drug administration has led to the emergence of a drug-resistant strain. HIV-1 immunotherapy has been continuously developed, but antibody therapy and HIV vaccines take time to improve its efficiency and have limitations. HIV-1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy founded on neutralizing antibodies is now being developed. In HIV-1 therapy, anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptors showed promising data in the suppression of HIV-1 replication; however, autologous transfusion is still a problem. This has led to the development of effective peptides and proteins for an alternative HIV-1 treatment. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of potent anti-HIV-1 peptides and proteins that reveal promising therapeutic activities. The inhibitory mechanisms of each therapeutic molecule in the different stages of the HIV-1 life cycle will be discussed herein. View Full-TextKeywords:
HIV; HIV gene therapy; HIV vaccine; assembly inhibitor; entry inhibitor; fusion inhibitor; integration inhibitor
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Chupradit, K.; Moonmuang, S.; Nangola, S.; Kitidee, K.; Yasamut, U.; Mougel, M.; Tayapiwatana, C. Current Peptide and Protein Candidates Challenging HIV Therapy beyond the Vaccine Era. Viruses 2017, 9, 281.
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