A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Mosquito Collection and Initial Pool Screening
2.3. Parry’s Lagoon Virus Detection and Isolation from Mosquito Homogenates
2.4. Virus Culture
2.5. Electron Microscopy
2.6. Genome Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
2.7. Serological Cross-Reactivity Studies
2.8. Microneutralisation Assay
2.9. Vertebrate Cell Infection Assays
3. Results
3.1. Detection, Isolation and Culture of the Prototype PLV Isolate
3.2. PLV Virions Display Typical Reovirus Morphology
3.3. Detection of Other PLV Isolates from Mosquitoes Collected in Western Australia
3.4. Genome Sequence, Organisation and Phylogenetics
3.5. PLV Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells
3.6. Corriparta Antiserum Cross-Reacts with and Neutralizes Parry’s Lagoon Virus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pool ID | Mosquito Species | Date Collected | Initial Isolation | Re-Isolation | % Pairwise Identity to Prototype (nt/aa) e | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPE | CPE | CPE | CPE | ||||
C6/36 a | Vero b | PS-EK b | C6/36 c | ||||
Kununurra | |||||||
K74511 | Culex pullus | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
K74544 | Culex pullus | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | ND |
K74770 | Culex annulirostris | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
K74775 | Culex species | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
K75023 | Culex annulirostris | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
Parry’s Creek | |||||||
K71497 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | + | 97.47/95.49 |
K71516 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | − | 97.74/95.49 |
K71520 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | − | 97.74/95.49 |
K71551 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | + | 100/100 |
K71558 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | − | 97.74/95.49 |
K71435 | Culex annulirostris | March 2010 | − | − | − | + | 99.50/98.50 |
K75533 | Mansonia uniformis | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
Billiluna | |||||||
K75737 | Aedes normanensis | April 2011 | + | − | − | + | 99.75/99.25 |
K75749 d | Culex annulirostris | April 2011 | + | + d | + d | + | ND |
Segment | Protein Encoding | G+C Content (%) | ORF Length (bp) | Predicted Protein Length (aa) | % Pairwise Identity with CORV (nt/aa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | VP1 (Pol) | 40.8 | 3873 | 1290 | 78.1/91.9 |
2 | VP2 (T2) | 41.8 | 2850 | 949 | 79.9/94.3 |
3 | VP3 (OC1) | 42.2 | 2217 | 738 | 74.7/85.8 |
4 | NS1 (TuP) | 48.0 | 1770 | 589 | 78.0/89.8 |
5 | VP5 (OC2) | 45.3 | 1584 | 527 | 79.1/95.3 |
6 | VP4 (Cap) | 44.4 | 1932 | 643 | 78.1/90.4 |
7 | NS2 (ViP) | 46.2 | 1116 | 371 | 81.1/92.7 |
8 | VP7 (T13) | 46.8 | 1065 | 352 | 79.2/94.3 |
9 | VP6 (Hel)/NS4 | 46.0 | 1035 | 344 | 78.0/72.6 |
10 | NS3/NS3a | 46.7 | 717 | 238 | 81.2/92.0 |
Percent Identity a | |||
---|---|---|---|
Protein | Virus | CORV | PLV |
VP2 | CMPV | 92 | 87 |
CORV | 95 | ||
VP4 | CMPV | 70 | 71 |
CORV | 90 | ||
VP5 | CMPV | 83 | 84 |
CORV | 95 | ||
VP7 | CMPV | 92 | 94 |
CORV | 94 | ||
VP6 | CMPV | 39 | 42 |
CORV | 73 | ||
NS4 | CMPV | 56 | 58 |
CORV | 77 |
Virus | CORV Antiserum 1 (B97) | CORV Antiserum 2 (CSIRO109) | Negative |
---|---|---|---|
CORV | 80 | 320 | <10 |
PLV | 20 | >1280 | <10 |
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Harrison, J.J.; Warrilow, D.; McLean, B.J.; Watterson, D.; O’Brien, C.A.; Colmant, A.M.G.; Johansen, C.A.; Barnard, R.T.; Hall-Mendelin, S.; Davis, S.S.; et al. A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells. Viruses 2016, 8, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8050141
Harrison JJ, Warrilow D, McLean BJ, Watterson D, O’Brien CA, Colmant AMG, Johansen CA, Barnard RT, Hall-Mendelin S, Davis SS, et al. A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells. Viruses. 2016; 8(5):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8050141
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarrison, Jessica J., David Warrilow, Breeanna J. McLean, Daniel Watterson, Caitlin A. O’Brien, Agathe M.G. Colmant, Cheryl A. Johansen, Ross T. Barnard, Sonja Hall-Mendelin, Steven S. Davis, and et al. 2016. "A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells" Viruses 8, no. 5: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8050141