Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pediatric Patients and Sample Collection
2.2. Mammalian Retrovirus Selection
2.3. Retrovirus Detection
3. Results and Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Voisset, C.; Weiss, R.A.; Griffiths, D.J. Human RNA “rumor” viruses: The search for novel human retroviruses in chronic disease. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2008, 72, 157–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Courgnaud, V.; Battini, J.L.; Sitbon, M.; Mason, A.L. Mouse retroviruses and chronic fatigue syndrome: Does X (or P) mark the spot? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107, 15666–15667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Delviks-Frankenberry, K.; Cingoz, O.; Coffin, J.M.; Pathak, V.K. Recombinant origin, contamination, and de-discovery of XMRV. Curr. Opin. Virol. 2012, 2, 499–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jeziorski, E.; Foulongne, V.; Ludwig, C.; Louhaem, D.; Chiocchia, G.; Segondy, M.; Rodiere, M.; Sitbon, M.; Courgnaud, V. No evidence for XMRV association in pediatric idiopathic diseases in France. Retrovirology 2010, 7, 63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Paprotka, T.; Delviks-Frankenberry, K.A.; Cingoz, O.; Martinez, A.; Kung, H.J.; Tepper, C.G.; Hu, W.S.; Fivash, M.J., Jr.; Coffin, J.M.; Pathak, V.K. Recombinant origin of the retrovirus XMRV. Science 2011, 333, 97–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mazzanti, C.M.; Lessi, F.; Armogida, I.; Zavaglia, K.; Franceschi, S.; Al Hamad, M.; Roncella, M.; Ghilli, M.; Boldrini, A.; Aretini, P.; et al. Human saliva as route of inter-human infection for mouse mammary tumor virus. Oncotarget 2015, 6, 18355–18363. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Wasilenko, S.T.; Montano-Loza, A.J.; Mason, A.L. Is there a role for cyclophilin inhibitors in the management of primary biliary cirrhosis? Viruses 2013, 5, 423–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buehring, G.C.; Shen, H.M.; Jensen, H.M.; Choi, K.Y.; Sun, D.; Nuovo, G. Bovine leukemia virus DNA in human breast tissue. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2014, 20, 772–782. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Buehring, G.C.; Shen, H.M.; Jensen, H.M.; Jin, D.L.; Hudes, M.; Block, G. Exposure to Bovine Leukemia Virus Is Associated with Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0134304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Denner, J. Transspecies transmissions of retroviruses: New cases. Virology 2007, 369, 229–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Martin, J.; Herniou, E.; Cook, J.; O’Neill, R.W.; Tristem, M. Interclass transmission and phyletic host tracking in murine leukemia virus-related retroviruses. J. Virol. 1999, 73, 2442–2449. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Gessain, A.; Rua, R.; Betsem, E.; Turpin, J.; Mahieux, R. HTLV-3/4 and simian foamy retroviruses in humans: Discovery, epidemiology, cross-species transmission and molecular virology. Virology 2013, 435, 187–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sharp, P.M.; Hahn, B.H. Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2011, 1, a006841. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Slattery, J.P.; Franchini, G.; Gessain, A. Genomic evolution, patterns of global dissemination, and interspecies transmission of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. Genome Res. 1999, 9, 525–540. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Iordache, L.; Launay, O.; Bouchaud, O.; Jeantils, V.; Goujard, C.; Boue, F.; Cacoub, P.; Hanslik, T.; Mahr, A.; Lambotte, O.; et al. Autoimmune diseases in HIV-infected patients: 52 cases and literature review. Autoimmun. Rev. 2014, 13, 850–857. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Rosenberg, N.; Jolicoeur, P. Retroviral Pathogenesis. In Retroviruses; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, 1997. [Google Scholar]
- Kimsa, M.C.; Strzalka-Mrozik, B.; Kimsa, M.W.; Gola, J.; Nicholson, P.; Lopata, K.; Mazurek, U. Porcine endogenous retroviruses in xenotransplantation—Molecular aspects. Viruses 2014, 6, 2062–2083. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Loïez, C.; Trampuz, A.; Portillo, M.E.; Corvec, S. Microbiological diagnosis—Bone and joint infections. In European Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 1st ed.; Cornaglia, G., Courcol, R., Herrmann, J.-L., Kahlmeter, G., Peigue-Lafeuille, H., Vila, J., Eds.; SFM/ESCMID: London, UK, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, F.J.; Lavanya, M.; Gessain, A.; Gallego, S.; Battini, J.L.; Sitbon, M.; Courgnaud, V. Intrahost variations in the envelope receptor-binding domain (RBD) of HTLV-1 and STLV-1 primary isolates. Retrovirology 2006, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- @BIOTEC In Silico PCR. Available online: http://www4a.biotec.or.th/cgi-bin/webPcr (accessed on 15 December 2015).
- Okamoto, T.; Kuwabara, H.; Shimotohno, K.; Sugimura, T.; Yanase, Y.; Kawasaki, T. Lack of evidence of retroviral involvement in Kawasaki disease. Pediatrics 1988, 81, 599. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Rauch, A.M.; Fultz, P.N.; Kalyanaraman, V.S. Retrovirus serology and Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet 1987, 1, 1431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shulman, S.T.; Rowley, A.H. Does Kawasaki disease have a retroviral aetiology? Lancet 1986, 2, 545–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ewing, A.D. Transposable element detection from whole genome sequence data. Mobile DNA 2015, 6, 24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Virus | Primer Sequence 5’ ----> 3’ | Genbank Accession Number |
---|---|---|
BLV | F1: CCAGACTTGGAGATGCTCCCTG (4707-4728) 1 R1: GCACGGGCCTTCCCAGATTGTG (6443-6466) F2: GATGACAGCATATAACCAAGAGG (4749-4771) R2: GCCCAAATCTTCTGGGTCAACA (5347-5368) | AF033818 |
FeLV | F1: ATTTTGCAGTTCACCCAGAAGG (6552-6573) R1: TATACCGTACAGGATATGACCC (6619-6640) F2: GGTCTTAGGAACAGTCCCTATGC (6619-6640) R2: GGGGAGGGTTTGTTTGGTCGCTG (7069-7091) | NC_001940 |
PERV | F1: CTGAAAATCCCCTTAAGCTTCG (5542-5563) R1: ACATTGAATTTCCCTCCTCTAGCC (6504-6527) F2: TCCATCGCGTGGTTCCTTACTC (5566-5587) R2: GCTAAGCAAAGCCAACAAGAAG (6455-6476) | EU789636.1 |
GaLV | F1: TGGCAGGTACTGTCCCAAACTGG (5720-5742) R1: GTTAGGAAGGCCCCCTGCAC (6557-6577) F2: TGGGGAGCCGTAGGGTGCAGCTAC (5926-5950) R2: GGGAGGCGGAGTGTTTAGGGTAAC (6506-6529) | NC_001885.2 |
MMTV | F1: ACTTCACAAACTCCCCAAACCTC (6774-6796) R1: ACAGGGGGAGTATAATTTCCAAG (7462-7440) F2: GTGGGATGGGGAAGTACAGACC (6897-7918) R2: AGGAGAATTCTCCCAGAACCAAG(7519-7543) | AF228552.1 |
MPMV | F1: CTTGTCACTGTGCTGGAGGATATG (5742-7765) R1: GATCTCCTGACTGTAAGCACAGCC (6363-6387) F2: TCGATCTTTTCTTTACCACGGGC (6266-6282) R2: AAACTCCCTAAAATGGCAGTGTG (5832-5855) | NC_001550.1 |
Pathologies | Patients (No.) | Age Range | Sample | PCR Analyses (Sample No.) | RT Assay (Sample No.) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute thrombocytopenia 1 | 35 | 2 mos–17 yrs | Whole blood Serum | 10 NA | NA 31 |
Bone marrow | 3 | NA | |||
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 3 | 4–16 yrs | Whole blood Serum | 3 NA | NA 3 |
Bone marrow | 1 | NA | |||
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 2 | 59 | 1–15 yrs | Whole blood | 15 | NA |
Serum | NA | 24 | |||
Bone marrow | 1 | NA | |||
Synovial fluid | 28 | 49 | |||
Henoch-Schönlein disease | 9 | 2–13 yrs | Whole blood | 3 | NA |
Serum | NA | 9 | |||
Kawasaki disease | 4 | 7 mos–3 yrs | Serum | NA | 4 |
Total | 110 | 64 | 120 |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jeziorski, E.; Foulongne, V.; Ludwig, C.; Louhaem, D.; Rodiere, M.; Sitbon, M.; Courgnaud, V. Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases. Viruses 2016, 8, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030086
Jeziorski E, Foulongne V, Ludwig C, Louhaem D, Rodiere M, Sitbon M, Courgnaud V. Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases. Viruses. 2016; 8(3):86. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030086
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeziorski, Eric, Vincent Foulongne, Catherine Ludwig, Djamel Louhaem, Michel Rodiere, Marc Sitbon, and Valérie Courgnaud. 2016. "Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases" Viruses 8, no. 3: 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030086
APA StyleJeziorski, E., Foulongne, V., Ludwig, C., Louhaem, D., Rodiere, M., Sitbon, M., & Courgnaud, V. (2016). Searching for Common Mammalian Retroviruses in Pediatric Idiopathic Diseases. Viruses, 8(3), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8030086