Low-Frequency NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Variants and Relationship to Mutational Load in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Statistical Methods
4. Results
Mutant Variant | Number Detected | Number of Patient Samples Tested | % Patient Samples with Mutant Variant | Range of Mutant Variant Frequency (%) | Range of Mutational Load (copies/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
L100I | 2 | 204 | 1.0 | 0.41–0.42 | 638–2005 |
K101E | 6 | 204 | 2.9 | 0.48–3.28 | 76–8100 |
K103N | 17 | 204 | 8.3 | 0.50–67.60 | 163–368,420 |
K103S | 2 | 204 | 1.0 | 2.50–36.50 | 2483–28,835 |
K103T | 2 | 204 | 1.0 | 1.09–2.79 | 2204–3074 |
V106A | 1 | 204 | 0.5 | 0.40 | 182 |
E138A * | 2 | 56 | 3.6 | 1.37–1.60 | 3632–9754 |
E138K * | 2 | 56 | 3.6 | 0.48–0.51 | 571–811 |
V179D * | 1 | 56 | 1.8 | 4.07 | 1400 |
V179E * | 3 | 56 | 5.4 | 0.58–97.92 | 3074–142,963 |
Y181C | 10 | 204 | 4.9 | 0.44–98.80 | 168–741,001 |
Y181I | 2 | 204 | 1.0 | 1.67–96.46 | 558–354,008 |
Y188C | 1 | 204 | 0.5 | 1.49 | 124 |
Y188H | 3 | 204 | 1.5 | 0.40–0.93 | 75–972 |
G190A | 4 | 204 | 2.0 | 0.44–4.57 | 717–34,275 |
G190E | 7 | 204 | 3.4 | 0.40–1.29 | 25–3300 |
P225H | 6 | 204 | 2.9 | 0.49–18.33 | 307–7124 |
K238N | 1 | 204 | 0.5 | 0.43 | 439 |
Subtype | Subjects from Each Subtype | Unique Subjects with NNRTI Mutations | NNRTI Mutations | Range of Frequency Prevalence ≥0.4% |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | 0 | ||
AE | 7 | 2 | K101E, K103N, Y181C, P225H | 0.58–18.44 |
B | 144 | 38 | L100I, K101E, K103N/S/T, E138A/K, V106A, V179D/E Y181C/I, P225H, G190E, K238N, Y188C/H, G190A/E, P225H | 0.4–97.92 |
BF | 18 | 7 | K101E, K103N, Y181C, Y188H, G190E | 0.5–98.8 |
C | 27 | 5 | K103N, Y181C, G190A P225H | 0.44–9.3 |
CRFs | 5 | 0 | ||
F | 2 | 0 | ||
Total | 204 | 52 |
5. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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Gupta, S.; Lataillade, M.; Kyriakides, T.C.; Chiarella, J.; John, E.P.S.; Webb, S.; Moreno, E.A.; Simen, B.B.; Kozal, M.J. Low-Frequency NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Variants and Relationship to Mutational Load in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects. Viruses 2014, 6, 3428-3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6093428
Gupta S, Lataillade M, Kyriakides TC, Chiarella J, John EPS, Webb S, Moreno EA, Simen BB, Kozal MJ. Low-Frequency NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Variants and Relationship to Mutational Load in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects. Viruses. 2014; 6(9):3428-3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6093428
Chicago/Turabian StyleGupta, Shaili, Max Lataillade, Tassos C. Kyriakides, Jennifer Chiarella, Elizabeth P. St. John, Suzin Webb, Elizabeth A. Moreno, Birgitte B. Simen, and Michael J. Kozal. 2014. "Low-Frequency NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Variants and Relationship to Mutational Load in Antiretroviral-Naïve Subjects" Viruses 6, no. 9: 3428-3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6093428