Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Vampire Bat Biology and Ecology
Species | Common name | Description |
---|---|---|
Desmodus rotundus | Common vampire bat | Weight: 30–40 g |
Wingspan: 35–40 cm | ||
Colony size: 20–1000 | ||
Prey: mammals | ||
Diaemus youngi | White-winged vampire bat | Weight: 30–45 g |
Wingspan: 32–35 cm | ||
Colony size: up to 30 | ||
Prey: birds | ||
Diphylla ecaudata | Hairy-legged vampire bat | Weight: 25–40 g |
Wingspan: 37–45 cm | ||
Colony size: 20–500 | ||
Prey: mammals and birds |
3. Rabies Virus Dynamics in Vampire Bat Populations
4. Virus Typing
4.1. Antigenic Typing
4.2. Phylogenetic Typing
5. Impact on Livestock
Country | 1982 | 2002 |
---|---|---|
Argentina | 92 | 13 |
Bolivia | 159 | 59 |
Brazil | 5900 | 1321 |
Chile | 0 | 0 |
Colombia | 139 | 47 |
Ecuador | 45 | 16 |
El Salvador | 7 | 19 |
Guatemala | 22 | 11 |
Honduras | 19 | 0 |
Mexico | 35 | 154 |
Nicaragua | 1 | 2 |
Panama | 8 | 9 |
Paraguay | 9 | 79 |
Peru | 32 | 110 |
Suriname | 0 | 5 |
Venezuela | 54 | 19 |
Year | Human | Dogs | Cattle | Bats | Other | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 [53] | 1 | 75 | 201 (60.7) | 13 | 41 | 331 |
2004 [54] | 3 | 45 | 186 (69.7 | 0 | 33 | 267 |
2005 [55] | 8 | 103 | 252 (63.8) | 10 | 22 | 395 |
2006 [56] | 9 | 77 | 181 (62.0) | 5 | 20 | 292 |
2007 [57] | 0 | 42 | 227 (78.8) | 0 | 19 | 288 |
2008 [58] | 3 | 31 | 183 (77.9) | 0 | 18 | 235 |
2009 [59] | 4 | 12 | 134 (76.6) | 0 | 25 | 175 |
2010 [60] | 4 | 20 | 296 (82.0) | 0 | 41 | 361 |
2011 [61] | 3 | 20 | 121 (80.1) | 0 | 7 | 151 |
6. Impact on Public Health
Box 1. Case History: An imported case of human rabies in Louisiana, USA, due to a vampire bat bite.
7. Control of Vampire Bats and Vampire Bat Rabies
8. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Johnson, N.; Aréchiga-Ceballos, N.; Aguilar-Setien, A. Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control. Viruses 2014, 6, 1911-1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6051911
Johnson N, Aréchiga-Ceballos N, Aguilar-Setien A. Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control. Viruses. 2014; 6(5):1911-1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6051911
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohnson, Nicholas, Nidia Aréchiga-Ceballos, and Alvaro Aguilar-Setien. 2014. "Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control" Viruses 6, no. 5: 1911-1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6051911