Induction of Partial Protection against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Guinea Pigs by Neutralization with the Integrin β6-1 Subunit
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Cloning, Sequencing and Characterization of Suckling Mouse Integrin β6 Subunit
2.2. Expression and Purification of Integrin β6-1 and β6-2
2.3. T Sell Response in Animals Vaccinated with Integrin β6 Extracellular Domains
2.4. In Vivo Effect of Induction of Anti-Integrin β6 Response on FMDV Infection
2.5. Results of Viral Challenge of the Inoculated Guinea Pigs
Serial number of guinea pigs | Group A (PBS) | Group B (Vaccine) | Group C (β6-1) | Group D (β6-2) | Group E (β6-1+β6-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protection | |||||
1 | None | Total | Total | Partial | Total |
2 | None | Total | Total | None | Partial |
3 | None | Total | Partial | None | Partial |
4 | None | Total | None | None | Partial |
Severity of symptoms | |||||
1 | Severe | None | None | Mild | None |
2 | Severe | None | None | Severe | Mild |
3 | Severe | None | Mild | Severe | Severe |
4 | Severe | None | Severe | Severe | Severe |
Rate of protection (%) | 0 (0/4) | 100 (4/4) | 50 (2/4) | 0 (0/4) | 25(1/4) |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Animals
3.2. Virus
3.3. Generation of Plasmids Encoding Soluble Mmouse Integrin β6 Subunits
Primers | Sequence(5′to 3′) | Target gene | Predicted size | Annealing temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|
β6F | 5′- CGGGATCC ATGGGGATTGAGCTGGTCTGCCTGT-3′ | Integrin β6 subunit | 2364 bp | 58.0°C |
β6R | 5′- CCGCTCGAGCTACCCATCTGAAGAAAGGCCCACTT-3′ | |||
β6-1F | 5′- CGGGATCCATGGGGATTGAGCTGGT-3′ | 5′ region of integrin β6 extracellular domains | 1077 bp | 54.5°C |
β6-1R | 5′- CCGCTCGAGTTACCCAGAATCCTTCTGAA-3′ | |||
β6-2F | 5′- CGGGATCCATGACCGTGGGACTGCTTCAGA-3′ | 3′ region of integrin β6 extracellular domains | 1080 bp | 57.0°C |
β6-2R | 5′- CCGCTCGAGTTAGTTTGGAGGTTTGGGGCAGT-3′ |
3.4. Expression and Purification of Integrin β6-1 and β6-2
3.5. Immunization with the β6-1 and β6-2 Subunits
3.6. T-lymphocyte Proliferation Assay
3.7. Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes
3.8. Detection of Serum Antibodies
3.9. Effect of Neutralizing Antibodies on Induction of FDMV Infection In vivo
3.10. FMDV Challenge in Immunized Guinea Pigs
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References and Notes
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Zhang, Y.; Sun, Y.; Yang, F.; Guo, J.; He, J.; Wu, Q.; Cao, W.; Lv, L.; Zheng, H.; Zhang, Z. Induction of Partial Protection against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Guinea Pigs by Neutralization with the Integrin β6-1 Subunit. Viruses 2013, 5, 1114-1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/v5041114
Zhang Y, Sun Y, Yang F, Guo J, He J, Wu Q, Cao W, Lv L, Zheng H, Zhang Z. Induction of Partial Protection against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Guinea Pigs by Neutralization with the Integrin β6-1 Subunit. Viruses. 2013; 5(4):1114-1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/v5041114
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yan, Yingjun Sun, Fan Yang, Jianhong Guo, Jijun He, Qiong Wu, Weijun Cao, Lv Lv, Haixue Zheng, and Zhidong Zhang. 2013. "Induction of Partial Protection against Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Guinea Pigs by Neutralization with the Integrin β6-1 Subunit" Viruses 5, no. 4: 1114-1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/v5041114