Renal Alterations in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)-Infected Cats: A Natural Model of Lentivirus-Induced Renal Disease Changes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
Characteristic | Naturally Infected (n = 21) | Experimentally Infected | Controls (n = 4) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIV-Pet (n = 17) | FIV-M2 (n = 28) | FIV-Pet + FIV-M2 (n = 6) | |||
Median (Range) | Median (Range) | Median (Range) | Median (Range) | Median (Range) | |
Age (years) | 8.0 (4.0–13.0) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.5 (4.0–5.0) | 4.5 (4.0–6.0) |
Sex | |||||
Male | 15 | ||||
Female | 6 | 17 | 28 | 6 | |
Neuter status | |||||
Intact | 17 | 17 | 28 | 6 | |
Altered | 4 | ||||
Clinical status | |||||
Sick | 11 | 1 | |||
Healthy | 10 | 17 | 27 | 6 | |
Creatinine concentration | 120 (73–709) | 123 (100–131) | 118 (93–144) | 121 (103–139) | 107 (95–125) |
UPC | 1.17 (0,18–14.00) | 0.69 (0.31–7.00) | 0.52 (0.25–18.00) | 0.92 (0.55–13.00) | 0.25 (0.17–0.31) |
Renal Alterations | Naturally Infected n = 21 (%) | Controls | 12 Months pi | 24 Months pi | ≥36 Months pi | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIV-Pet n = 6 (%) | FIV-M2 n = 10 (%) | FIV-Pet n = 7 (%) | FIV-M2 n = 6 (%) | FIV-Pet n = 4 (%) | FIV-M2 n = 12 (%) | FIV-Pet + FIV-M2 n = 6 (%) | |||
Mesangial widening | 9 (42.9) | 0 | 2 (33.3) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (16.6) | 3 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (33.3) |
Glomerulo-nephritis | 3 (14.3) | 0 | 1 (16.6) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (16.6) | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 3 (50.0) |
Glomerular amyloidosis | 8 (30.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tubular changes | 10 (47.6) | 0 | 2 (33.3) | 2 (20.0) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (33.3) | 3 (75.0) | 7 (58.3) | 3 (50.0) |
Interstitial lesions | 17 (81–0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (14.3) | 1 (16.6) | 0 | 2 (16.7) | 2 (33.3) |
Interstitial amyloidosis | 7 (33.3) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
No alterations | 3 (14.3) | 4 (100) | 3 (50.0) | 7 (70.0) | 4 (57.1) | 4 (66.6) | 1 (25.0) | 5 (41.6) | 1 (16.6) |
Immunohistochemistry | Control Cats n = 4 (%) | Naturally Infected cats n = 21 (%) | Experimentally Infected Cats | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FIV-Pet n = 17 (%) | FIV M2 n = 28 (%) | FIV-Pet + FIV M2 n = 6 (%) | |||
IgG deposits in mesangium | 0 | 3 (14.3) | 3 (17.6) | 5 (17.9) | 3 (50.0) |
IgG deposits in capillary loops | 0 | 1 (04.8) | 1 (05.9) | 2 (07.1) | 2 (33.3) |
IgM deposits | 0 | 14 (66.7) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (21.3) | 3 (50.0) |
IgA deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
C3 deposits | 0 | 14 (66.7) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (21.3) | 3 (50.0) |
Mouse monoclonal anti-human AA amyloid | 0 | 8 (38.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rabbit polyclonal anti-feline AA amyloid | 0 | 8 (38.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rabbit polyclonal anti-feline AL amyloid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Studied Subjects and Experimental Design
3.2. Biochemistry and Urine Analysis
3.3. Molecular Analysis
3.4. Flow Cytometry
3.5. Histological Investigations
3.6. Immunohistochemical Investigations
3.7. Statistics
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References and Notes
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Poli, A.; Tozon, N.; Guidi, G.; Pistello, M. Renal Alterations in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)-Infected Cats: A Natural Model of Lentivirus-Induced Renal Disease Changes. Viruses 2012, 4, 1372-1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4091372
Poli A, Tozon N, Guidi G, Pistello M. Renal Alterations in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)-Infected Cats: A Natural Model of Lentivirus-Induced Renal Disease Changes. Viruses. 2012; 4(9):1372-1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4091372
Chicago/Turabian StylePoli, Alessandro, Natasa Tozon, Grazia Guidi, and Mauro Pistello. 2012. "Renal Alterations in Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)-Infected Cats: A Natural Model of Lentivirus-Induced Renal Disease Changes" Viruses 4, no. 9: 1372-1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4091372