Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Detection of HCoVs and RT-rtPCRs
2.2. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of HCoV-positive Individuals During Winter 2004
Oligonucleotide Name (gene target) | Oligonucleotide Sequence |
---|---|
229E 01.4 (N) | ACAACGTGGTCGTCAGGGT |
229E 02.6 (N) | GCAACCCAGACGACACCT |
229E_MGB | FAM-CATCTTTATGGGGTCCTG -MGBNFQ |
229E 01.3 T7 | AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGAACCACAACGTGGTCGTCAGGGT |
229E 02.5 T7 | GGTTCTGAATTCTTGCGCCTAA |
HKU1 01.2 (1b) | GTTGGGACGATATGTTACGTCATCTT |
HKU1 02.2 (1b) | TGCTAGTACCACCAGGCTTAACATA |
HKU1_MGB | FAM-CAACCGCCACACATAA-MGBNFQ |
HKU1 01.2 T7 | AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGTTGGGACGATATGTTACGTCATCTT |
HKU1 02.2 T7 | TGCTAGTACCACCAGGCTTAACATA |
OC43 01.3 (N) | GAAGGTCTGCTCCTAATTCCAGAT |
OC43 02.4 (N) | TTTGGCAGTATGCTTAGTTACTT |
OC43_TM | ROX-TGCCAAGTTTTGCCAGAACAAGACTAGC-BHQ2 |
OC43 01.2 T7 | AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCGATGAGGCTATTCCGACTAGGT |
OC43 02.4 T7 | ACCAGATGCCGACATAAGGTTCATTCT |
NL63_N_01.13 (N) | GAGTTCGAGGATCGCTCTAATA |
NL63_N_02.8 (N) | TGAATCCCCCATATTGTGATTAAA |
NL63_TM5 | CY5-AAAATGTTATTCAGTGCTTTGGTCCTCGTGA-BHQ1 |
NL63 01.6 T7 | AAAATAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAGTCTTGGTAATCGCAAACGTAATC |
NL63 02.6 T7 | TATCAAAGAATAACGCAGCCTGATTA |
229E | NL63 | OC43 | HKU1 | Total population (n = 888) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | 2 (50.0) | 91 (100) | 12 (44.4) | 19 (55.9) | 514 (57.9) |
Detections | 4 | 9 | 272 | 342 | 2903 (32.7) |
Co-detections (%) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (22.2) | 6 (18.5) | 11 (23.5) | 294 (10.5) |
Mean age, years | 4.9 | 3.9 | 18.6 | 4.9 | 7.9 |
Peak month | July | August | July | August | June |
Average severity score (single/co-detection) | ND/2.5 | 2.0/4.5 | 2.9/2.0 | 1.6/1.5 | - |
HCoV detected | Average Score 1 | Detections | Fever | Vomit | Cough | Diarrhoea | Rash | AOM 2 | IC 3 (n = 4) | chronic (n = 9) | LRTI (n = 18) | URTI (n = 17) | other (n = 9) | no data (n = 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HKU1 single | 1.63 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
HKU1 dual | 1.54 | 14 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 |
NL63 single | 2.00 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
NL63 dual | 4.50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
OC43 single | 2.85 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
OC43 dual | 2.00 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
229E single | ND | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
229E dual | 2.50 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
62 | 8 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 19 | 17 | 9 | 4 | ||
SoDe HCoV | 5 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 4 | ||
8.1% | 6.5% | 9.7% | 0.0% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 4.8% | 9.7% | 14.5% | 16.1% | 8.1% | 6.5% | |||
CoDe HCoV | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 0 | ||
4.8% | 4.8% | 6.5% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 8.1% | 1.6% | 4.8% | 16.1% | 11.3% | 6.5% | 0.0% |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Study Population
3.2. HCoV RT-PCR Testing
3.3. Nucleotide Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
3.4. Clinical Data Collection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Mackay, I.M.; Arden, K.E.; Speicher, D.J.; O’Neil, N.T.; McErlean, P.K.; Greer, R.M.; Nissen, M.D.; Sloots, T.P. Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004. Viruses 2012, 4, 637-653. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040637
Mackay IM, Arden KE, Speicher DJ, O’Neil NT, McErlean PK, Greer RM, Nissen MD, Sloots TP. Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004. Viruses. 2012; 4(4):637-653. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040637
Chicago/Turabian StyleMackay, Ian M., Katherine E. Arden, David J. Speicher, Nicholas T. O’Neil, Peter K. McErlean, Ristan M. Greer, Michael D. Nissen, and Theo P. Sloots. 2012. "Co-circulation of Four Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs) in Queensland Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Illnesses in 2004" Viruses 4, no. 4: 637-653. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040637