Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characteristics of ACoV Genome
2.3. Comparison of ACoV and HCoV-229E Genes/Proteins
Gene | Nucleotide (%) a | Amino acid (%) b |
---|---|---|
Pol 1a | 92.5 | 93.2 |
Pol 1ab | 92.9 | 95.0 |
Spike | 94.2 | 94.2 |
Envelope | 87.2 | 91.0 |
Membrane | 89.0 | 91.2 |
Nucleocapsid | 86.7 | 87.1 |
2.4. Characteristics of the ACoV Spike Gene/Protein and Comparison with HCoV 229 E Spike Gene/Protein
2.5. Characteristics of the ACoV Nucleocapsid Gene/Protein and Comparison with HCoV 229 E Nucleocapsid Gene/Protein
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Cells and Viruses
3.2. Viral RNA Preparation
3.3. RT-PCR Amplification
3.4. 5' RACE and 3' RACE
3.5. Primers
3.6. TOPO TA Cloning
3.7. DNA Sequencing and Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References and Notes
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Crossley, B.M.; Mock, R.E.; Callison, S.A.; Hietala, S.K. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E. Viruses 2012, 4, 3689-3700. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4123689
Crossley BM, Mock RE, Callison SA, Hietala SK. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E. Viruses. 2012; 4(12):3689-3700. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4123689
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrossley, Beate M., Richard E. Mock, Scott A. Callison, and Sharon K. Hietala. 2012. "Identification and Characterization of a Novel Alpaca Respiratory Coronavirus Most Closely Related to the Human Coronavirus 229E" Viruses 4, no. 12: 3689-3700. https://doi.org/10.3390/v4123689