Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. HTLV-1 p12 and p8
2.1. T-Cell Signaling
2.1.1. Calcium Release
2.1.2. NFAT Activation and Signaling
2.1.3. Proximal T-Cell Signaling and T-Cell Anergy
2.1.4. IL-2 Receptor Activation and STAT5 Signaling
2.2. MHC-I Degradation
2.3. Modulation of ICAM
2.4. V-ATPase
2.5. Modulation of Virus Transmission in vitro and in vivo
3. HTLV-1 p30
3.1. Inhibition of Nuclear Export of Tax/Rex mRNA
3.3. Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Regulation
3.4. Cell Cycle and DNA Repair
3.5. Requirement of orf-II in Viral Persistence in Animal Models
4. HTLV-1 p13
4.1. K+ Influx, Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Electron Transport Chain Activity
4.2. Ca2+ Homeostasis
4.3. ROS Production
4.4. Effects on Apoptosis
4.5. Nuclear Effects
4.6. In Vivo Animal Model
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Edwards, D.; Fenizia, C.; Gold, H.; Castro-Amarante, M.F.d.; Buchmann, C.; Pise-Masison, C.A.; Franchini, G. Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence. Viruses 2011, 3, 861-885. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3060861
Edwards D, Fenizia C, Gold H, Castro-Amarante MFd, Buchmann C, Pise-Masison CA, Franchini G. Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence. Viruses. 2011; 3(6):861-885. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3060861
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdwards, Dustin, Claudio Fenizia, Heather Gold, Maria Fernanda de Castro-Amarante, Cody Buchmann, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison, and Genoveffa Franchini. 2011. "Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence" Viruses 3, no. 6: 861-885. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3060861