Efficient Sensing of Avian Influenza Viruses by Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. General Characteristics of pDC Responses Induced by AIV
Host | Subtype | Complete Name | Designationa | HAU | TCID50/mL | CT Valuesb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
avian | HP H5N1 | A/turkey/Turkey/05 | H5N1 TT05 | 1280 | 7.9 × 106 | 12.51 ± 0.05 |
HP H5N1 | A/cygnus/Italy/742/06 | H5N1 CI06 | 1280 | 5.0 × 107 | 11.76 ± 0.04 | |
HP H5N1 | A/mallard/Italy/835/06 | H5N1 MI06 | 640 | 3.2 × 104 | 13.11 ± 0.02 | |
HP H7N1 | A/turkey/Italy/4580/98 | H7N1 TI98 | 1280 | 3.2 × 106 | 14.24 ± 0.09 | |
HP H7N1 | A/ostrich/Italy/2332/00 | H7N1 OI00 | 1280 | 2.0 × 107 | 13.17 ± 0.10 | |
LP H7N1 | A/turkey/Italy/3675/99 | H7N1 TI99 | 320 | 3.2 × 104 | 14.51 ± 0.02 | |
human | H1N1 | A/New Caledonia/20/99 | H1N1 NC99 | 320 | 3.2 × 106 | 18.28 ± 0.18 |
H3N2 | A/Wisconsin/67/05 | H3N2 WS05 | 1280 | 3.2 × 106 | 12.86 ± 0.06 | |
H3N2 | A/Hong Kong/8/68 | H3N2 HK68 | 320 | 1.3 × 106 | 17.17 ± 0.15 | |
porcine | H1N1 | A/swine/Iowa/1976/31 | H1N1 SI76 | 640 | 5.0 × 106 | 16.54 ± 0.06 |
H1N1 | A/swine/Belgium/1/98 | H1N1 SB98 | 320 | 5.0 × 106 | 16.32 ± 0.06 | |
H3N2 | A/swine/Flanders/1/98 | H3N2 SF98 | 640 | 3.2 × 106 | 17.50 ± 0.05 |
2.2. Interferon Response of Avian and Mammalian Strains
2.3. IFN-α Responses are not Correlated to Viral RNA Content
2.4. Relation between pDC Percentage and IFN-α
2.5. Infection of pDC and Monocytic Cells
2.6. Sialic-Acid Dependant Entry of IAV in pDC
2.7. Reverse Genetic Viruses and Interferogenic Profile
Designation | Subtype | Segment Substitution | Mutations | SA Binding Properties | Backbone | Cleavage Site |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | H3N2 | H3/N2 from HK68 | None | α-2,6 | H1N1 WS33 | Monobasic |
R2 | H3N2 | H3/N2 from HK68 | L226Q/S228Gd | α-2,3 | H1N1 WS33 | Monobasic |
Vac | H5N1 | N1/NS from H7N1a | None | α-2,3 | H5N2b | Monobasic |
HAYam_Vac | H5N1 | H5 from H5N1c | None | α-2,3 | Vac | Polybasic |
H3R1_Vac | H3N1 | H3 (R1) from HK68 | None | α-2,6 | Vac | Monobasic |
H3R2_Vac | H3N1 | H3 (R2) from HK68 | L226Q/S228Gd | α-2,3 | Vac | Monobasic |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Viruses and Cell Lines
3.2. Virus Inactivation
3.3. Reverse Genetic Viruses
3.4. Viral RNA Quantification
3.5. pDC Enrichment and Stimulation with Influenza
3.6. Flow Cytometry
3.7. Statistical analyses
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References and Notes
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Bel, M.; Ocaña-Macchi, M.; Liniger, M.; McCullough, K.C.; Matrosovich, M.; Summerfield, A. Efficient Sensing of Avian Influenza Viruses by Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2011, 3, 312-330. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3040312
Bel M, Ocaña-Macchi M, Liniger M, McCullough KC, Matrosovich M, Summerfield A. Efficient Sensing of Avian Influenza Viruses by Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Viruses. 2011; 3(4):312-330. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3040312
Chicago/Turabian StyleBel, Michael, Manuela Ocaña-Macchi, Matthias Liniger, Kenneth C. McCullough, Mikhail Matrosovich, and Artur Summerfield. 2011. "Efficient Sensing of Avian Influenza Viruses by Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells" Viruses 3, no. 4: 312-330. https://doi.org/10.3390/v3040312