Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Passive Surveillance
2.2. Targeted Surveillance
Symptom/s | H1N1pdm Positive (%) N=50 | H1N1pdm Negative (%) N=564 | p-value | “Symptomatic” (%) N=251 | “Asymptomatic” (%) N=363 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhinorrhea | 82 | 31.2 | <0.001 | 75.3 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
Cough | 80 | 32.8 | <0.001 | 82.1 | 5.2 | <0.001 |
Fever | 78 | 19.3 | <0.001 | 59 | 0 | <0.001 |
Sore throat | 38 | 16.8 | <0.001 | 40.2 | 3.6 | <0.001 |
Headache | 34 | 15.6 | 0.018 | 28.3 | 9.4 | <0.001 |
Diarrhea | 8 | 8.2 | 0.99 | 15.5 | 3 | <0.001 |
Vomiting | 8 | 10.5 | 0.99 | 17.1 | 5.2 | <0.001 |
Nausea | 8 | 10.3 | 0.99 | 28.3 | 9.4 | <0.001 |
Myalgias | 6 | 2 | 0.58 | 4.8 | 0.6 | <0.001 |
Seizure | 0 | 0.2 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.99 |
Rash | 0 | 3.4 | 0.99 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 0.11 |
Fever and cough (no sore throat) | 36 | 7.4 | - | 23.9 | 0 | - |
Fever and sore throat (no cough) | 2 | 1.2 | - | 3.2 | 0 | - |
ILI ** | 68 | 15.4 | <0.001 | 48.2 | 0 | <0.001 |
No ILI | 32 | 84.6 | - | 51.8 | 100 | - |
“Symptomatic” | 90 | 36.5 | <0.001 | - | - | - |
“Asymptomatic” | 10 | 63.5 | - | - | - | - |
2.3. Predicting the Burden of Pandemic Influenza Infection in the Second Wave
3. Discussion
4. Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Tables and Figures
Acknowledgments
References
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Kumar, S.; Chusid, M.J.; Willoughby, R.E.; Havens, P.L.; Kehl, S.C.; Ledeboer, N.A.; Simpson, P.; VanDyke, M.; Davis, E.; Gaffney, K.; et al. Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI. Viruses 2010, 2, 782-795. https://doi.org/10.3390/v2040782
Kumar S, Chusid MJ, Willoughby RE, Havens PL, Kehl SC, Ledeboer NA, Simpson P, VanDyke M, Davis E, Gaffney K, et al. Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI. Viruses. 2010; 2(4):782-795. https://doi.org/10.3390/v2040782
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Swati, Michael J. Chusid, Rodney E. Willoughby, Peter L. Havens, Sue C. Kehl, Nathan A. Ledeboer, Pippa Simpson, Meredith VanDyke, Elizabeth Davis, Kate Gaffney, and et al. 2010. "Epidemiologic Observations from Passive and Targeted Surveillance during the First Wave of the 2009 H1N1 Influenza Pandemic in Milwaukee, WI" Viruses 2, no. 4: 782-795. https://doi.org/10.3390/v2040782